Magnet management MRI compatibility

ABSTRACT

An implantable medical device, including a magnet and a body encompassing the magnet, wherein the implantable medical device includes structural components in the body configured to move away from one another upon initial rotation of the magnet relative to the body when the magnet is subjected to an externally generated magnetic field, thereby limiting rotation of the magnet beyond the initial rotation.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to Provisional U.S. Patent ApplicationNo. 62/174,788, entitled MAGNET MANAGEMENT MRI COMPATIBILITY, filed onJun. 12, 2015, naming Charles Roger LEIGH of Australia as an inventor,the entire contents of that application being incorporated herein byreference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

Hearing loss, which may be due to many different causes, is generally oftwo types: conductive and sensorineural. Sensorineural hearing loss isdue to the absence or destruction of the hair cells in the cochlea thattransduce sound signals into nerve impulses. Various hearing prosthesesare commercially available to provide individuals suffering fromsensorineural hearing loss with the ability to perceive sound. Oneexample of a hearing prosthesis is a cochlear implant.

Conductive hearing loss occurs when the normal mechanical pathways thatprovide sound to hair cells in the cochlea are impeded, for example, bydamage to the ossicular chain or the ear canal. Individuals sufferingfrom conductive hearing loss may retain some form of residual hearingbecause the hair cells in the cochlea may remain undamaged.

Individuals suffering from hearing loss typically receive an acoustichearing aid. Conventional hearing aids rely on principles of airconduction to transmit acoustic signals to the cochlea. In particular, ahearing aid typically uses an arrangement positioned in the recipient'sear canal or on the outer ear to amplify a sound received by the outerear of the recipient. This amplified sound reaches the cochlea causingmotion of the perilymph and stimulation of the auditory nerve. Cases ofconductive hearing loss typically are treated by means of boneconduction hearing aids. In contrast to conventional hearing aids, thesedevices use a mechanical actuator that is coupled to the skull bone toapply the amplified sound.

In contrast to hearing aids, which rely primarily on the principles ofair conduction, certain types of hearing prostheses, commonly referredto as cochlear implants, convert a received sound into electricalstimulation. The electrical stimulation is applied to the cochlea, whichresults in the perception of the received sound.

Many devices, such as medical devices that interface with a recipient,have structural and/or functional features where there is utilitarianvalue in adjusting such features for an individual recipient. Theprocess by which a device that interfaces with or otherwise is used bythe recipient is tailored or customized or otherwise adjusted for thespecific needs or specific wants or specific characteristics of therecipient is commonly referred to as fitting. One type of medical devicewhere there is utilitarian value in fitting such to an individualrecipient is the above-noted cochlear implant. That said, other types ofmedical devices, such as other types of hearing prostheses, exist wherethere is utilitarian value in fitting such to the recipient.

SUMMARY

In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, there is an implantablemedical device, comprising a magnet, and a body encompassing the magnet,wherein the implantable medical device includes structural components inthe body configured to move away from one another upon initial rotationof the magnet relative to the body when the magnet is subjected to anexternally generated magnetic field that imparts a torque onto themagnet, thereby limiting rotation of the magnet beyond the initialrotation.

In accordance with another exemplary embodiment, there is an implantablemedical device, comprising a magnet apparatus, and a body encompassingthe magnet apparatus, wherein the implantable medical device resistsrotation of the magnet apparatus relative to the body in at least oneplane when subjected to an externally generated magnetic field thatimparts a torque onto the magnet apparatus due to a component relativeto which the magnet apparatus is slidable, wherein the component locatedwithin the body.

In accordance with another exemplary embodiment, there is an implantablemedical device, comprising a magnet and an elastomeric body encompassingthe magnet, wherein the body has a slit configured to enable passage ofthe magnet therethrough.

In according with another exemplary embodiment, there is a method,comprising subjecting a subcutaneous medical device containing a magnetto a magnetic field of at least 0.2 T, thereby imparting a torque ontothe magnet, the torque having a component in a plane normal to a surfaceof skin of the recipient, and limiting at least a portion of the torqueof the magnet that is imparted to a support apparatus of the medicaldevice supporting the magnet via structure of the subcutaneous medicaldevice.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments are described below with reference to the attached drawings,in which:

FIG. 1A is a perspective view of an exemplary hearing prosthesis inwhich at least some of the teachings detailed herein are applicable;

FIG. 1B is a top view of an exemplary hearing prosthesis in which atleast some of the teachings detailed herein are applicable;

FIG. 1C is a side view of an exemplary hearing prosthesis in which atleast some of the teachings detailed herein are applicable;

FIG. 2A is a functional block diagram of a prosthesis, in accordancewith of the present invention;

FIG. 2B is an alternate functional block diagram of a prosthesis, inaccordance \ embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 3A is a functional block diagram of a cochlear implant, inaccordance with embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 3B is an alternate functional block diagram of a cochlear implant,in accordance with embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 3C is yet another alternate functional block diagram of a cochlearimplant, in accordance with embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 4A is a simplified schematic diagram of a transceiver unit of anexternal device in accordance with embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 4B is a simplified schematic diagram of a transmitter unit of anexternal device in accordance with embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 4C is a simplified schematic diagram of a stimulator/receiver unitincluding a data receiver of an implantable device in accordance withembodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 4D is a simplified schematic diagram of a stimulator/receiver unitincluding a data transceiver of an implantable device in accordance withembodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 4E is a simplified schematic diagram of a stimulator/receiver unitincluding a data receiver and a communication component configured tovary the effective coil area of an implantable device in accordance withembodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 4F is a simplified schematic diagram of a stimulator/receiver unitincluding a data transceiver and a communication component configured tovary the effective coil area of an implantable device in accordance withembodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an exemplary conceptual schematic of a magnet systemarrangement according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 6 is another exemplary conceptual schematic of a magnet systemarrangement according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIGS. 7A-7D represent exemplary conceptual schematics of an assemblyaccording to an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 8 depicts a functional schematic of an exemplary scenario resultingfrom use of an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 9 depicts another functional schematic of an exemplary scenarioresulting from use of an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 10 depicts another functional schematic of an exemplary scenarioresulting from use of an exemplary embodiment;

FIGS. 11-13 depict exemplary conceptual data charts according to anexemplary embodiment relating force to distance between plates;

FIG. 14 represents an exemplary conceptual schematic of an assemblyaccording to an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 15 represents an exemplary scenario of conceptual use according toan exemplary embodiment;

FIGS. 16A-D present exemplary conceptual schematics of variousassemblies according to various exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 17 represents an exemplary scenario of conceptual use according toan exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 18A represents an exemplary conceptual schematic of an assemblyaccording to an exemplary embodiment,

FIG. 18B and FIG. 18C, represent an exemplary scenarios of conceptualuse according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 19 represents an exemplary conceptual schematic of an assemblyaccording to an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 20-23E variously represent various exemplary conceptual schematicsof various exemplary assemblies according to various exemplaryembodiments;

FIGS. 24-28C variously represent various exemplary conceptual schematicsof various exemplary assemblies according to various exemplaryembodiments;

FIG. 29 represents an exemplary embodiment of a magnet apparatusaccording to an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 30 represents an exemplary flowchart according to an exemplarymethod of an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 31 represents an exemplary tool according to an exemplaryembodiment utilized in some exemplary methods according to the teachingsdetailed herein;

FIG. 32 represents an exemplary magnet apparatus according to anexemplary embodiment;

FIG. 33 depicts use of the tool of FIG. 31 with the exemplary magnetapparatus of FIG. 32 according to an exemplary embodiment;

FIG. 34 represents an exemplary magnet apparatus according to anexemplary embodiment; and

FIG. 35 represents an exemplary use of the tool of FIG. 31 with theembodiment of FIG. 25.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Exemplary embodiments will be described in terms of a cochlear implant.That said, it is noted that the teachings detailed herein and/orvariations thereof can be utilized with other types of hearingprosthesis, such as by way of example, bone conduction devices,DACI/DACS/middle ear implants, etc. Still further, it is noted that theteachings detailed herein and/or variations thereof can be utilized withother types of prostheses, such as pacemakers, muscle stimulators, etc.In some instances, the teachings detailed herein and/or variationsthereof are applicable to any type of implanted component (hereinreferred to as a medical device) having a magnet that is implantable ina recipient.

FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a cochlear implant, referred to ascochlear implant 100, implanted in a recipient, to which someembodiments detailed herein and/or variations thereof are applicable.The cochlear implant 100 is part of a system 10 that can includeexternal components in some embodiments, as will be detailed below. Itis noted that the teachings detailed herein are applicable, in at leastsome embodiments, to partially implantable and/or totally implantablecochlear implants (i.e., with regard to the latter, such as those havingan implanted microphone). It is further noted that the teachingsdetailed herein are also applicable to other stimulating devices thatutilize an electrical current beyond cochlear implants (e.g., auditorybrain stimulators, pacemakers, etc.). Additionally, it is noted that theteachings detailed herein are also applicable to other types of hearingprosthesis, such as by way of example only and not by way of limitation,bone conduction devices, direct acoustic cochlear stimulators, middleear implants, etc. Indeed, it is noted that the teachings detailedherein are also applicable to so-called hybrid devices. In an exemplaryembodiment, these hybrid devices apply both electrical stimulation andacoustic stimulation to the recipient. Any type of hearing prosthesis towhich the teachings detailed herein and/or variations thereof that canhave utility can be used in some embodiments of the teachings detailedherein.

In view of the above, it is to be understood that at least someembodiments detailed herein and/or variations thereof are directedtowards a body-worn sensory supplement medical device (e.g., the hearingprosthesis of FIG. 1A, which supplements the hearing sense, even ininstances where all natural hearing capabilities have been lost). It isnoted that at least some exemplary embodiments of some sensorysupplement medical devices are directed towards devices such asconventional hearing aids, which supplement the hearing sense ininstances where some natural hearing capabilities have been retained,and visual prostheses (both those that are applicable to recipientshaving some natural vision capabilities remaining and to recipientshaving no natural vision capabilities remaining). Accordingly, theteachings detailed herein are applicable to any type of sensorysupplement medical device to which the teachings detailed herein areenabled for use therein in a utilitarian manner. In this regard, thephrase sensory supplement medical device refers to any device thatfunctions to provide sensation to a recipient irrespective of whetherthe applicable natural sense is only partially impaired or completelyimpaired.

The recipient has an outer ear 101, a middle ear 105 and an inner ear107. Components of outer ear 101, middle ear 105 and inner ear 107 aredescribed below, followed by a description of cochlear implant 100.

In a fully functional ear, outer ear 101 comprises an auricle 110 and anear canal 102. An acoustic pressure or sound wave 103 is collected byauricle 110 and channeled into and through ear canal 102. Disposedacross the distal end of ear channel 102 is a tympanic membrane 104which vibrates in response to sound wave 103. This vibration is coupledto oval window or fenestra ovalis 112 through three bones of middle ear105, collectively referred to as the ossicles 106 and comprising themalleus 108, the incus 109 and the stapes 111. Bones 108, 109 and 111 ofmiddle ear 105 serve to filter and amplify sound wave 103, causing ovalwindow 112 to articulate, or vibrate in response to vibration oftympanic membrane 104. This vibration sets up waves of fluid motion ofthe perilymph within cochlea 140. Such fluid motion, in turn, activatestiny hair cells (not shown) inside of cochlea 140. Activation of thehair cells causes appropriate nerve impulses to be generated andtransferred through the spiral ganglion cells (not shown) and auditorynerve 114 to the brain (also not shown) where they are perceived assound.

As shown, cochlear implant 100 comprises one or more components whichare temporarily or permanently implanted in the recipient. Cochlearimplant 100 is shown in FIG. 1A with an external device 142, that ispart of system 10 (along with cochlear implant 100), which, as describedbelow, is configured to provide power to the cochlear implant, and wherethe implanted cochlear implant includes a battery, that is recharged bythe power provided from the external device 142.

In the illustrative arrangement of FIG. 1A, external device 142 cancomprise a power source (not shown) disposed in a Behind-The-Ear (BTE)unit 126. External device 142 also includes components of atranscutaneous energy transfer link, referred to as an external energytransfer assembly. The transcutaneous energy transfer link is used totransfer power and/or data to cochlear implant 100. Various types ofenergy transfer, such as infrared (IR), electromagnetic, capacitive andinductive transfer, may be used to transfer the power and/or data fromexternal device 142 to cochlear implant 100. In the illustrativeembodiments of FIG. 1A, the external energy transfer assembly comprisesan external coil 130 that forms part of an inductive radio frequency(RF) communication link. External coil 130 is typically a wire antennacoil comprised of multiple turns of electrically insulated single-strandor multi-strand platinum or gold wire. External device 142 also includesa magnet (not shown) positioned within the turns of wire of externalcoil 130. It should be appreciated that the external device shown inFIG. 1A is merely illustrative, and other external devices may be usedwith embodiments of the present invention.

Cochlear implant 100 comprises an internal energy transfer assembly 132which can be positioned in a recess of the temporal bone adjacentauricle 110 of the recipient. As detailed below, internal energytransfer assembly 132 is a component of the transcutaneous energytransfer link and receives power and/or data from external device 142.In the illustrative embodiment, the energy transfer link comprises aninductive RF link, and internal energy transfer assembly 132 comprises aprimary internal coil assembly 136. Internal coil assembly 136 typicallyincludes a wire antenna coil comprised of multiple turns of electricallyinsulated single-strand or multi-strand platinum or gold wire, as willbe described in greater detail below.

Cochlear implant 100 further comprises a main implantable component 120and an elongate electrode assembly 118. Collectively, the coil assembly136, the main implantable component 120, and the electrode assembly 118correspond to the implantable component of the system 10.

In some embodiments, internal energy transfer assembly 132 and mainimplantable component 120 are hermetically sealed within a biocompatiblehousing. In some embodiments, main implantable component 120 includes animplantable microphone assembly (not shown) and a sound processing unit(not shown) to convert the sound signals received by the implantablemicrophone or via internal energy transfer assembly 132 to data signals.That said, in some alternative embodiments, the implantable microphoneassembly can be located in a separate implantable component (e.g., thathas its own housing assembly, etc.) that is in signal communication withthe main implantable component 120 (e.g., via leads or the like betweenthe separate implantable component and the main implantable component120). In at least some embodiments, the teachings detailed herein and/orvariations thereof can be utilized with any type of implantablemicrophone arrangement.

Main implantable component 120 further includes a stimulator unit (alsonot shown in FIG. 1A) which generates electrical stimulation signalsbased on the data signals. The electrical stimulation signals aredelivered to the recipient via elongate electrode assembly 118.

Elongate electrode assembly 118 has a proximal end connected to mainimplantable component 120, and a distal end implanted in cochlea 140.Electrode assembly 118 extends from main implantable component 120 tocochlea 140 through mastoid bone 119. In some embodiments electrodeassembly 118 may be implanted at least in basal region 116, andsometimes further. For example, electrode assembly 118 may extendtowards apical end of cochlea 140, referred to as cochlea apex 134. Incertain circumstances, electrode assembly 118 may be inserted intocochlea 140 via a cochleostomy 12. In other circumstances, acochleostomy may be formed through round window 121, oval window 112,the promontory 123 or through an apical turn 147 of cochlea 140.

Electrode assembly 118 comprises a longitudinally aligned and distallyextending array 146 of electrodes 148, disposed along a length thereof.As noted, a stimulator unit generates stimulation signals which areapplied by electrodes 148 to cochlea 140, thereby stimulating auditorynerve 114.

FIG. 1B depicts an exemplary high-level diagram of the implantablecomponent 100 of the system 10, looking downward from outside the skulltowards the skull. As can be seen, implantable component 100 includes amagnet 160 that is surrounded by a coil 137 that is in two-waycommunication (although in other embodiments, the communication isone-way) with a stimulator unit 122, which in turn is in communicationwith the electrode assembly 118. Implantable component 100 furtherincludes a plate 170 that is located above the magnet 160 (relative tothe view of FIG. 1B). In the exemplary embodiment presented in FIG. 1B,the longitudinal axis of the plate 170 is at least generally aligned(including aligned) with the magnet apparatus 160, although in otherembodiments, such alignment is not present. Not seen in FIG. 1B, but ascan be seen in FIG. 1C (representing a side cross-sectional view of theimplantable component 100 of FIG. 1B taken down the center of theimplantable component 100), is another plate 172 located on the oppositeside of the magnet apparatus 160, resulting in, in this exemplaryembodiment, the magnet apparatus 160 being sandwiched by the plates. Inat least some embodiments, plate 172 is identical to the plate 170,while in other embodiments, the plates are different. Additionalfeatures of these plates will be described in greater detail below.

Still with reference to FIG. 1B, it is noted that the plate 170 (and thebottom plate), the stimulator unit 122, and the magnet apparatus 170 arelocated in a housing made of an elastomeric material 199, such as by wayof example only and not by way of limitation, silicone. Hereinafter, theelastomeric material 199 of the housing will be often referred to assilicone. However, it is noted that any reference to silicone hereinalso corresponds to a reference to any other type of component that willenable the teachings detailed herein and/or variations thereof, such as,by way of example and not by way of limitation only, bio-compatiblerubber, etc.

As can be seen in FIG. 1B, the housing made of elastomeric material 199includes a slit 180 (not shown in FIG. 1C, as, in some embodiments, theslit is not utilized). In an exemplary embodiment, the slit 180 hasutilitarian value in that it can enable insertion and/or removal of themagnet apparatus 160 from the housing made of elastomeric material 199.

It is noted that magnet apparatus 160 is presented in a conceptualmanner. In this regard, it is noted that in at least some embodiments,the magnet apparatus 160 is an assembly that includes a magnetsurrounded by a biocompatible coating. Still further, in an exemplaryembodiment, magnet apparatus 160 is an assembly where the magnet islocated within a container having interior dimensions generallycorresponding to the exterior dimensions of the magnet. This containercan be hermetically sealed, thus isolating the magnet in the containerfrom body fluids of the recipient that penetrate the housing (the sameprinciple of operation occurs with respect to the aforementioned coatedmagnet). In an exemplary embodiment, this container permits the magnetto revolve or otherwise move relative to the container. Additionaldetails of the container will be described below. In this regard, it isnoted that while sometimes the term magnet is used as shorthand for thephrase magnet apparatus, and thus any disclosure herein with respect toa magnet also corresponds to a disclosure of a magnet apparatusaccording to the aforementioned embodiments and/or variations thereofand/or any other configuration that can have utilitarian value accordingto the teachings detailed herein.

With reference now to FIG. 1C, it is noted that the outlines of thehousing made from elastomeric material 199 are presented in dashed lineformat for ease of discussion. In an exemplary embodiment, silicone orsome other elastomeric material fills the interior within the dashedline, other than the other components of the implantable device (e.g.,plates, magnet, stimulator, etc.). That said, in an alternativeembodiment, silicone or some other elastomeric material substantiallyfills the interior within the dashed lines other than the components ofthe implantable device (e.g., there can be pockets within the dashedline in which no components and no silicone is located).

It is noted that FIGS. 1B and 1C are conceptual FIGs. presented forpurposes of discussion. Commercial embodiments corresponding to theseFIGs. can be different from that depicted in the figures.

Additional details of the plates, magnets, and housing made ofelastomeric material will be described in greater detail below. First,however, additional functional details of the cochlear implant 100 willnow be described.

FIG. 2A is a functional block diagram of a prosthesis 200A in accordancewith embodiments of the present invention. Prosthesis 200A comprises animplantable component 244 configured to be implanted beneath arecipient's skin or other tissue 250 and an external device 204. Forexample, implantable component 244 may be implantable component 100 ofFIG. 1A, and external device may be the external device 142 of FIG. 1A.Similar to the embodiments described above with reference to FIG. 1A,implantable component 244 comprises a transceiver unit 208 whichreceives data and power from external device 204. External device 204transmits power and data 220 via transceiver unit 206 to transceiverunit 208 via a magnetic induction data link 220. As used herein, theterm receiver refers to any device or component configured to receivepower and/or data such as the receiving portion of a transceiver or aseparate component for receiving. The details of transmission of powerand data to transceiver unit 208 are provided below. With regard totransceivers, it is noted at this time that while embodiments of thepresent invention may utilize transceivers, separate receivers and/ortransmitters may be utilized as appropriate. This will be apparent inview of the description below.

Implantable component 244 may comprises a power storage element 212 anda functional component 214. Power storage element 212 is configured tostore power received by transceiver unit 208, and to distribute power,as needed, to the elements of implantable component 244. Power storageelement 212 may comprise, for example, a rechargeable battery 212. Anexample of a functional component may be a stimulator unit 120 as shownin FIG. 1B.

In certain embodiments, implantable component 244 may comprise a singleunit having all components of the implantable component 244 disposed ina common housing. In other embodiments, implantable component 244comprises a combination of several separate units communicating via wireor wireless connections. For example, power storage element 212 may be aseparate unit enclosed in a hermetically sealed housing. The implantablemagnet apparatus and plates associated therewith may be attached to orotherwise be a part of any of these units, and more than one of theseunits can include the magnet apparatus and plates according to theteachings detailed herein and/or variations thereof.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 2A, external device 204 includes adata processor 210 that receives data from data input unit 211 andprocesses the received data. The processed data from data processor 210is transmitted by transceiver unit 206 to transceiver unit 208. In anexemplary embodiment, data processor 210 may be a sound processor, suchas the sound processor of FIG. 1A for the cochlear implant thereof, anddata input unit 211 may be a microphone of the external device.

FIG. 2B presents an alternate embodiment of the prosthesis 200A of FIG.2A, identified in FIG. 2B as prosthesis 200B. As may be seen fromcomparing FIG. 2A to FIG. 2B, the data processor can be located in theexternal device 204 or can be located in the implantable component 244.In some embodiments, both the external device 204 and the implantablecomponent 244 can include a data processor.

As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, external device 204 can include a powersource 213. Power from power source 213 can be transmitted bytransceiver unit 206 to transceiver unit 208 to provide power to theimplantable component 244, as will be described in more detail below.

While not shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, external device 204 and/orimplantable component 244 include respective inductive communicationcomponents. These inductive communication components can be connected totransceiver unit 206 and transceiver unit 208, permitting power and data220 to be transferred between the two units via magnetic induction.

As used herein, an inductive communication component includes bothstandard induction coils and inductive communication componentsconfigured to vary their effective coil areas.

As noted above, prosthesis 200A of FIG. 2A may be a cochlear implant. Inthis regard, FIG. 3A provides additional details of an embodiment ofFIG. 2A where prosthesis 200A is a cochlear implant. Specifically, FIG.3A is a functional block diagram of a cochlear implant 300 in accordancewith embodiments of the present invention.

It is noted that the components detailed in FIGS. 2A and 2B may beidentical to the components detailed in FIG. 3A, and the components of3A may be used in the embodiments depicted in FIGS. 2A and 2B.

Cochlear implant 300A comprises an implantable component 344A (e.g.,implantable component 100 of FIG. 1) configured to be implanted beneatha recipient's skin or other tissue 250, and an external device 304A.External device 304A may be an external component such as externalcomponent 142 of FIG. 1.

Similar to the embodiments described above with reference to FIGS. 2Aand 2B, implantable component 344A comprises a transceiver unit 208(which may be the same transceiver unit used in FIGS. 2A and 2B) whichreceives data and power from external device 304A. External device 304Atransmits data and/or power 320 to transceiver unit 208 via a magneticinduction data link. This can be done while charging module 202.

Implantable component 344A also comprises a power storage element 212,electronics module 322 (which may include components such as soundprocessor 126 and/or may include a stimulator unit 322 corresponding tostimulator unit 122 of FIG. 1B) and an electrode assembly 348 (which mayinclude an array of electrode contacts 148 of FIG. 1A). Power storageelement 212 is configured to store power received by transceiver unit208, and to distribute power, as needed, to the elements of implantablecomponent 344A.

As shown, electronics module 322 includes a stimulator unit 332.Electronics module 322 can also include one or more other functionalcomponents used to generate or control delivery of electricalstimulation signals 315 to the recipient. As described above withrespect to FIG. 1A, electrode assembly 348 is inserted into therecipient's cochlea and is configured to deliver electrical stimulationsignals 315 generated by stimulator unit 332 to the cochlea.

In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 3A, the external device 304A includesa sound processor 310 configured to convert sound signals received fromsound input unit 311 (e.g., a microphone, an electrical input for an FMhearing system, etc.) into data signals. In an exemplary embodiment, thesound processor 310 corresponds to data processor 210 of FIG. 2A.

FIG. 3B presents an alternate embodiment of a cochlear implant 300B. Theelements of cochlear implant 300B correspond to the elements of cochlearimplant 300A except that external device 304B does not include soundprocessor 310. Instead, the implantable component 344B includes a soundprocessor 324, which may correspond to sound processor 310 of FIG. 3A.

As will be described in more detail below, while not shown in thefigures, external device 304A/304B and/or implantable component344A/344B include respective inductive communication components.

FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate that external device 304A/304B can include apower source 213, which may be the same as power source 213 depicted inFIG. 2A. Power from power source 213 can be transmitted by transceiverunit 306 to transceiver unit 308 to provide power to the implantablecomponent 344A/344B, as will be detailed below. FIGS. 3A and 3B furtherdetail that the implantable component 344A/344B can include a powerstorage element 212 that stores power received by the implantablecomponent 344 from power source 213. Power storage element 212 may bethe same as power storage element 212 of FIG. 2A.

In contrast to the embodiments of FIGS. 3A and 3B, as depicted in FIG.3C, an embodiment of the present invention of a cochlear implant 300Cincludes an implantable component 344C that does not include a powerstorage element 212. In the embodiment of FIG. 3C, sufficient power issupplied by external device 304A/304B in real time to power implantablecomponent 344C without storing power in a power storage element. In FIG.3C, all of the elements are the same as FIG. 3A except for the absenceof power storage element 212.

Some of the components of FIGS. 3A-3C will now be described in greaterdetail.

FIG. 4A is a simplified schematic diagram of a transceiver unit 406A inaccordance with an embodiment of the present invention. An exemplarytransceiver unit 406A may correspond to transceiver unit 206 of FIGS.2A-3C. As shown, transceiver unit 406A includes a power transmitter 412a, a data transceiver 414A and an inductive communication component 416.

In an exemplary embodiment, as will be described in more detail below,inductive communication component 416 comprises one or more wire antennacoils (depending on the embodiment) comprised of multiple turns ofelectrically insulated single-strand or multi-strand platinum or goldwire (thus corresponding to coil 137 of FIG. 1B). Power transmitter 412Acomprises circuit components that inductively transmit power from apower source, such as power source 213, via an inductive communicationcomponent 416 to implantable component 344A/B/C (FIGS. 3A-3C). Datatransceiver 414A comprises circuit components that cooperate to outputdata for transmission to implantable component 344A/B/C (FIGS. 3A-3C).Transceiver unit 406A can receive inductively transmitted data from oneor more other components of cochlear implant 300A/B/C, such as telemetryor the like from implantable component 344A (FIG. 3A).

Transceiver unit 406A can be included in a device that includes anynumber of components which transmit data to implantable component334A/B/C. For example, the transceiver unit 406A may be included in abehind-the-ear (BTE) device having one or more of a microphone or soundprocessor therein, an in-the-ear device, etc.

FIG. 4B depicts a transmitter unit 406B, which is identical totransceiver unit 406A, except that it includes a power transmitter 412Band a data transmitter 414B.

It is noted that for ease of description, power transmitter 412A anddata transceiver 414A/data transmitter 414B are shown separate. However,it should be appreciated that in certain embodiments, at least some ofthe components of the two devices may be combined into a single device.

FIG. 4C is a simplified schematic diagram of one embodiment of animplantable component 444A that corresponds to implantable component344A of FIG. 3A, except that transceiver unit 208 is a receiver unit. Inthis regard, implantable component 444A comprises a receiver unit 408A,a power storage element, shown as rechargeable battery 446, andelectronics module 322, corresponding to electronics module 322 of FIG.3A. Receiver unit 408A includes an inductance coil 442 connected toreceiver 441. Receiver 441 comprises circuit components which receivevia an inductive communication component corresponding to an inductancecoil 442 inductively transmitted data and power from other components ofcochlear implant 300A/B/C, such as from external device 304A/B. Thecomponents for receiving data and power are shown in FIG. 4C as datareceiver 447 and power receiver 449. For ease of description, datareceiver 447 and power receiver 449 are shown separate. However, itshould be appreciated that in certain embodiments, at least some of thecomponents of these receivers may be combined into one component.

In the illustrative embodiments of the present invention, receiver unit408A and transceiver unit 406A (or transmitter unit 406B) establish atranscutaneous communication link over which data and power istransferred from transceiver unit 406A (or transmitter unit 406B), toimplantable component 444A. As shown, the transcutaneous communicationlink comprises a magnetic induction link formed by an inductancecommunication component system that includes inductive communicationcomponent 416 and coil 442.

The transcutaneous communication link established by receiver unit 408Aand transceiver unit 406A (or whatever other viable component can soestablish such a link), in an exemplary embodiment, may use timeinterleaving of power and data on a single radio frequency (RF) channelor band to transmit the power and data to implantable component 444A. Amethod of time interleaving power according to an exemplary embodimentuses successive time frames, each having a time length and each dividedinto two or more time slots. Within each frame, one or more time slotsare allocated to power, while one or more time slots are allocated todata. In an exemplary embodiment, the data modulates the RF carrier orsignal containing power. In an exemplary embodiment, transceiver unit406A and transmitter unit 406B are configured to transmit data andpower, respectively, to an implantable component, such as implantablecomponent 344A, within their allocated time slots within each frame.

The power received by receiver unit 408A can be provided to rechargeablebattery 446 for storage. The power received by receiver unit 408A canalso be provided for distribution, as desired, to elements ofimplantable component 444A. As shown, electronics module 322 includesstimulator unit 332, which in an exemplary embodiment corresponds tostimulator unit 322 of FIGS. 3A-3C, and can also include one or moreother functional components used to generate or control delivery ofelectrical stimulation signals to the recipient.

In an embodiment, implantable component 444A comprises a receiver unit408A, rechargeable battery 446 and electronics module 322 integrated ina single implantable housing, referred to as stimulator/receiver unit406A. It would be appreciated that in alternative embodiments,implantable component 344 may comprise a combination of several separateunits communicating via wire or wireless connections.

FIG. 4D is a simplified schematic diagram of an alternate embodiment ofan implantable component 444B. Implantable component 444B is identicalto implantable component 444A of FIG. 4C, except that instead ofreceiver unit 408A, it includes transceiver unit 408B. Transceiver unit408B includes transceiver 445 (as opposed to receiver 441 in FIG. 4C).Transceiver unit 445 includes data transceiver 451 (as opposed to datareceiver 447 in FIG. 4C).

FIGS. 4E and 4F depict alternate embodiments of the implantablecomponents 444A and 444B depicted in FIGS. 4C and 4D, respectively. InFIGS. 4E and 4F, instead of coil 442, implantable components 444C and444D (FIGS. 4E and 4F, respectively) include inductive communicationcomponent 443. Inductive communication component 443 is configured tovary the effective coil area of the component, and may be used incochlear implants where the exterior device 304A/B does not include acommunication component configured to vary the effective coil area(i.e., the exterior device utilizes a standard inductance coil). Inother respects, the implantable components 444C and 444D aresubstantially the same as implantable components 444A and 444B. Notethat in the embodiments depicted in FIGS. 4E and 4F, the implantablecomponents 444C and 444D are depicted as including a sound processor342. In other embodiments, the implantable components 444C and 444D maynot include a sound processor 342.

FIG. 5 represents a high level conceptual exemplary magnetic couplingarrangement according to an exemplary embodiment. Specifically, FIG. 5presents the magnet apparatus 160 of the implantable component 100having a longitudinal axis 599 aligned with the magnet 560 of theexternal device 142, along with a functional representation of thetissue 504 of the recipient located between the two components. Allother components of the external device and implantable component arenot shown for purposes of clarity. As can be seen, the magnet apparatus160 as a north-south polar axis aligned with the longitudinal axis 599,and magnet apparatus 560 also has a north-south polar axis aligned withthe longitudinal axis of that magnet apparatus. In the exemplaryembodiment, owing to the arrangements of the magnets, the resultingmagnetic field aligns the magnets such that the longitudinal axes of themagnets are aligned. In an exemplary embodiment, because the variouscoils of the devices are aligned with the various longitudinal axes ofthe magnets, the alignment of the magnets aligns the coils.

FIG. 6 presents an alternative embodiment, where the magnet apparatus160 of the implantable component 100 has a north-south axis aligned withthe lateral axis of the magnet apparatus, as can be seen. In thisexemplary embodiment, the magnet 560 also has a north-south axis alsoaligned with the lateral axis of that magnet.

As can be inferred from FIGS. 1B and 1C, the magnet apparatus of theimplantable component 100 is a disk magnet apparatus/has the form of ashort cylinder. The magnet of the external device 142 can also have sucha form. That said, in an alternative embodiment, the magnets can haveanother configuration (e.g., a plate magnet, a bar magnet, etc.).Moreover, in an alternative embodiment, two or more magnets can be usedin the implantable device and/or in the external device. The magnetscould be located outboard of the coil. Any arrangement of magnet(s) ofany configuration that can have utilitarian value according to theteachings detailed herein and/or variations thereof can be utilized inat least some embodiments.

FIG. 7A presents a portion of the view of FIG. 1C (side view of FIG.1B), showing the magnet apparatus 160 sandwiched by plates 170 and 172.All other components are removed for purposes of clarity. FIG. 7Bdepicts an rectangular-shaped dashed line structure, which conceptuallyrepresents a volume that is generally filled with an elastomericmaterial, such as silicone, thus conceptually representing the housingmade from elastomeric material 199 of FIG. 1B. In an exemplaryembodiment, the space is basically filled with silicone. That said, inan alternate embodiment, there are locations where there is noelastomeric material. FIG. 7B-7C present some examples, where the volumebetween the magnet apparatus 160 and the vertical dashed lines is devoidof silicone. (Note that these views represent only the sides of themagnet apparatus and housing with respect to the cross-section takenalong the longitudinal axis of the implantable device 100—theelastomeric material can be closer to the magnet apparatus on thelateral sides/away from the longitudinal axis of the implantable device100, thus still maintaining the position of the magnet apparatus 160.)

In an exemplary embodiment, the elastomeric material surrounding theplates holds the plates in place against the magnet. In this regard,with reference back to FIG. 7A, as can be seen, the plates 170 and 172are located a distance D1 from each other. In an exemplary embodiment,distance D1 corresponds to the thickness of the magnet (asdifferentiated from the width of the magnet, which corresponds to thediameter of a disc magnet, which can be a disk magnet, as measured on aplane normal to the longitudinal axis 599). That is, in an exemplaryembodiment, the plates are located in direct contact with the oppositefaces of the magnet apparatus 160. In an exemplary embodiment where theopposite faces of the magnet apparatus are parallel, the surfaces of theplates 170 and 172 facing each other are also parallel, as thosesurfaces are also flat surfaces. It is briefly noted at this time thatwhile the embodiments of the plates detailed herein are presented interms of circular disks having uniform flat surfaces on either sidethereof, in an alternate embodiment, the plates can be of differentconfigurations, especially with respect to the surfaces thereof facingaway from one another. Briefly, FIG. 7D depicts an exemplary alternateembodiment, where the upper plate 170D has a flat bottom surface, but acurved top surface. Note further that upper plate 170D has an outerdiameter that is smaller than that of the bottom plate 172. Note alsothat the upper plate 170D is offset relative to the longitudinal axis599 of the magnet apparatus 160. Any or all of these features can beutilized separately and/or together, on the upper plate and/or on thebottom plate. Additional details of the plates will be described below.

As noted above, the elastomeric material surrounding the plates holdsthe plates against the magnet apparatus 160. That is, in an exemplaryembodiment, the housing made from elastomeric material 199 is arrangedsuch that when the magnet apparatus 160 is located between the plates,the elastomeric material can impart a downwards and upwards force,respectively, onto the plate 170 and plate 172, thereby imparting adownward and upward force on to the opposite faces of the magnetapparatus 160. FIG. 8 represents a conceptual diagram of a force profileF1 applied by the resilience material of the housing to the plate 170when the magnet apparatus 160 is located between the plates 170 and 172.In an exemplary embodiment, an equal and opposite force F1 is alsopresent on the bottom surface of the plate 172. In an exemplaryembodiment, this imparts a compressive force onto the magnet apparatus160. That said, it is noted that in an alternate embodiment, the forceprofile F1 can corresponds to a zero force (in the absence of anexternal magnetic field). That is, an exemplary embodiment can entail ahousing made of elastomeric material 199 that positions the plates 170and 172 such that there is little to no compressive force onto themagnet apparatus 160. Still further, in an exemplary embodiment, therecan be a gap between the magnet apparatus 160 and one or both of theplates 170 and 172, such that irrespective of the force profile F1 inthe absence of an external magnetic field, no compressive force isapplied to the magnet apparatus 160. That said, embodiments detailedherein will be presented in terms of a configuration where the housingmade of elastomeric material 199 applies a compressive force through theplates onto the magnet apparatus 160 in the absence of an externalmagnetic field.

Referring now to FIG. 9, FIG. 9 depicts an exemplary scenario where anexternal magnetic field is applied to the magnet apparatus 160 while themagnet apparatus 160, and thus the implantable component 100, isimplanted in a recipient at a location in the recipient corresponding tothat which is where the implantable component would be implanted fornormal use thereof (e.g., the magnet apparatus 160 can be located abovethe mastoid bone of the recipient and beneath the skin of the recipientfor a cochlear implant). In an exemplary embodiment, the externalmagnetic field is that which results from an MRI machine during MRIimaging of the recipient's head (with the implantable component 100, andthus the magnet apparatus 160, implanted therein), where the magneticfield generated by the MRI machine interacts with the magnetic field ofthe magnet apparatus 160 to impart a significant torque onto the magnetapparatus 160. In an exemplary embodiment, the torque is up to 0.38Newton meters, and the MRI machine applies a magnetic field such thatthe implanted magnet apparatus 160 is subjected to a 3 T magnetic field.The explanation below refers to a 3 T magnetic field, but is applicableto any applied field, such as by way of example only and not by way ofexample, a field of 0.2 T, 1.5 T, 3 T, 4 T, 5 T, 6 T and 7 T or more insome embodiments.

In an exemplary embodiment, the magnetic field is generated by a boreMRI machine. That said, in some embodiments, the magnetic field isgenerated by an open MRI. The teachings detailed herein are applicableto any MRI that imparts a magnetic field onto the magnet of the magnetapparatus 160 that imparts a torque onto the magnet.

As can be seen from FIG. 9, in an exemplary embodiment, the implantablecomponent 100 is configured such that the plates 170 and 172 are pushedapart from one another due to rotation of the magnet apparatus 160 as aresult of the torque applied thereto due to the 3 T magnetic field. Ascan be seen, the magnet apparatus 160 rotates such that its longitudinalaxis moves from its normal position (the position where the magnet islocated in the absence of an external magnetic field—as seen in FIGS. 7Aand 8, where the longitudinal axis 599 of the magnet apparatus 160 is atleast generally normal to the major surface of the plates). Owing to therotation of the magnet 160, the magnet 160 is tilted between the plates170 and 172. This is the result of pushing the plates 170 and 172 awayfrom each other. This is represented by the distance D2 depicted in FIG.9. As can be seen by visual inspection of FIG. 9 as compared to FIG. 7A,distance D2 is larger than distance D1. In an exemplary embodiment,distance D1 is 2.2 mm (corresponding to the thickness of the magnet 160,which can have a 12 mm diameter (width)). In an exemplary embodiment,distance D2 can be about 2.3 mm, 2.4 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.6 mm, 2.7 mm, 2.8 mm,2.9 mm, 3.0 mm, 3.1 mm, 3.2 mm, 3.3 mm, 3.4 mm, 3.5 mm, 3.6 mm, 3.7 mm,3.8 mm, 3.9 mm, 4.0 mm, 4.1 mm, 4.2 mm, 4.3 mm, 4.4 mm, 4.5 mm, 4.6 mm,4.7 mm, 4.8 mm, 4.9 mm, 5.0 mm or more or any value or range of valuestherebetween in about 0.01 mm increments (e.g., about 2.44 mm to about4.37 mm, 3.89 mm, etc.). Still further, in an exemplary embodiment, thedifference between D2 and D1 (D2−D1) is about 0.01 mm, 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm,0.3 mm, 0.4 mm 0.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.7 mm, 0.8 mm, 0.9 mm, 1.0 mm, 1.1 mm,1.2 mm, 1.3 mm 1.4 mm, 1.5, mm, 1.6 mm, 1.7 mm, 1.8 mm, 1.9 mm, 2.0 mm,2.1 mm, 2.2 mm, 2.3 mm, 2.4 mm, 2.5 mm, 2.6 mm, 2.7 mm, 2.8 mm, 2.9 mm,3.0 mm or more or any value or range of values therebetween in about0.01 mm increments).

FIG. 9 shows the longitudinal axis 599 of the magnet 160 shifted fromits normal position (599′). In an exemplary embodiment, shift from thenormal position in degrees is about 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, 9.0, 10.0, 11.0,12.0, 13.0, 14.0, 15.0, 16.0, 17.0, 18.0, 19.0, 20.0, 21.0, 22.0, 23.0,24.0, 25.0, 26.0, 27.0, 28.0, 29.0, 30.0, 31.0, 32.0, 33.0, 34.0, or35.0 or more or any value or range of values therebetween in about 0.1increments (e.g., about 11.3 to about 24.1 degrees, 15.3 degrees, etc.).

In an exemplary embodiment, owing to the housing made of elastomericmaterial 199, as the plates 170 and 172 are pushed apart from oneanother, the force applied to the outer surfaces of the plates by thematerial of the housing increases from the profile F1. The force on theouter surface of the plates will be considered in this explanation forclarity. It should be noted that the elastomeric material between theplates will exert a force on the inner surface of the plates. This forcewill act in the same direction as the force on the outside of the plates(i.e., toward the magnet). Hence, such can increase the effectdescribed. In this regard, FIG. 10 presents a conceptual schematicrepresenting a force profile F2 on the upper surface of the upper plate170 resulting from the elastomeric material 199 having beenstretched/displaced due to the expansion of the distance between theplates from D1 to D2, where, in an exemplary embodiment, an equal andopposite force profile is also located on the bottom surface of thebottom plate 172. The arrows of force profile F2 are presented longerthan those of force profile F1 of FIG. 8, representing the fact thatforce profile F2 constitutes a larger force profile than that of FIG. 8.

Thus, in an exemplary embodiment, the increase in the distance betweenthe plates increases the force profile on those plates imparted by thematerial of the housing. This increase in the force profile on theplates is in turn applied to the magnet 160 by the plates, as magnet 160contacts the plates 170 and 172 (directly or indirectly, as will bedescribed in greater detail below). The increase in the force profilecounteracts the torque applied to the magnet 160 due to the 3 T magneticfield of the MRI machine. When the forces resulting from the torqueapplied to the magnet 160 are in equilibrium with the resulting forceprofile applied to the plates due to deformation of the elastomericmaterial of the housing, further rotation of the magnet 160 isprevented.

FIG. 11 provides an exemplary conceptual chart presenting a force (forceon the plates) versus distance between plates curve, where point Acorresponds to the location of the plates in a relaxed state (e.g.,without magnet 160 located there between), point B corresponds to theforce resulting from the magnet being located between the plates in thenormal location without an external magnetic field (the force profileF1, where the magnet 160 itself pushes the plates away from each other),and point C representing the maximum plate separation resulting from the3T magnetic field. As can be seen, in the exemplary embodiment, theincrease in forces is linear. FIG. 12 presents a force versus distancebetween plate curve for an alternate embodiment, where points A and Bare located at the same location (the location of the plates in therelaxed state is the same with or without the magnet 160 being locatedtherebetween—the plates provide a negligible, if not no force onto themagnet in the absence of an external magnetic field). As with the chartof FIG. 11, the curve is linear. FIG. 13 presents an alternateembodiment where the force is nonlinear with respect to the distancebetween the plates. It is noted that these charts are but examples withrespect to force versus distance between plates curves. Otherconfigurations of exemplary embodiments will result in other curves. Anyrelationship between force and distance between plates that will enablethe teachings detailed herein and/or variations thereof to be practicedcan be utilized in at least some embodiments.

An exemplary principle of operation of some exemplary embodiments willnow be described in conceptual terms. It is noted that these principleof operations are but exemplary, and to the extent that embodiments canbe practiced utilizing the teachings detailed herein and/or variationsthereof that results in other principles of operations being utilized ina manner having utilitarian value, such other principles of operationscan also be utilized to implement the teachings detailed herein. Thatsaid, FIG. 14 presents an exemplary conceptual arrangement with theplates 170 and 172 and the magnet 160 located in a conceptual housing1499 made of elastomeric material having wall thicknesses T1 and T2 asseen, where the magnet 160 is not exposed to an external magnetic field.In some exemplary embodiments, the conceptual housing 1499 applies acompressive force onto the magnet through the plates 170 and 172 in theabsence of an external magnetic field. In some exemplary embodiments,the conceptual housing 1499 does not apply compressive force onto themagnet through the plates in the absence of an external magnetic field.FIG. 15 represents the magnet 160 being subjected to an externalmagnetic field of 3 T, where the magnet 160 has rotated due to thetorque applied thereto resulting from the magnetic field. As can beseen, the wall thicknesses of the housing 1499, T1′ and T2′, are thinnerthan that of T1 and T2 of FIG. 14, owing to the fact that the plates 170and 172 have been a pushed away from one another relative to that whichwas the case in FIG. 14 owing to the torque applied to the magnet 160.In essence, the housing has stretched, or, more accurately, theelastomeric material of the housing 1499 has stretched. Because theelastomeric material of the housing has a memory such that the housing1499 seeks to return to the state at which it was in in FIG. 14 (withthe wall thickness returning to T1 and T2, or at least to somethingclose to T1 and T2 and/or less than T1′ and T2′, the force profile F2 isdeveloped on the plates as detailed above, thus countering furtherrotation of the magnet. By way of example only and not by way oflimitation, the effect of the housing 1499 on the plates 170 and 172 canbe considered analogous to the principle of operation of a rubber band.In this regard, the elastomeric material of the housing 1499 imparts acompressive force onto the plates 170 and 172, where the compressiveforce increases with increased separation of the plates from each otherdue to the rotation of the magnet 160.

In an exemplary embodiment, the elastomeric material utilized tofabricate the housing is made of silicone MED4860 (from Nusil). In anexemplary embodiment, T1 is about 0.3 mm (which also includes 0.3 mm—alluses of about and substantially and other qualifiers also include theexact amount unless otherwise specified), and the maximum thickness ofthe housing, as measured parallel to the longitudinal axis of the magnet599 at any location above and below the plates, is about 4 mm (whichincludes 4 mm or less).

It is noted that FIGS. 14 and 15 are simply conceptual figures. It isnoted that the thicknesses are depicted as changing by an exaggeratedamount. Moreover, it is possible that in at least some embodiments, thethickness T2 may not change and/or may change less than the thickness T1(by ratio and/or in total), and/or vice versa.

FIG. 16A represents an alternate embodiment that utilizes componentslocated between the plates 170 and 172 to provide a reaction forceagainst the rotation of the magnet 160, more specifically, theembodiment of FIG. 16A includes resilient components/elastomericcomponents 1610 located outboard of the magnet 160 between the plates170 and 172. In the embodiments of FIG. 16A, resilient component 1610 ispresented as springs extending from the bottom plate 172 to the topplate 170. In an alternative embodiment, these can be pillars ofsilicone adhered to the surfaces of the plates. The pillars (springs orresilient components) can be arrayed uniformly (or non-uniformly) aboutthe magnet. The number of resilient component 1610 can correspond to anynumber that can enable the teachings detailed herein and/or variationsthereof to be practiced. Still further, in an exemplary embodiment, theresilient component 1610 can be a ring or a partial ring about magnet160. That is, the resilient component 1610 can be a single component.Any device, system, and/or method that can provide tensile force betweenthe plates 1720 and 1722 that can enable the teachings detailed hereinand/or variations thereof to be practiced, can be utilized in at leastsome embodiments.

It is noted that some exemplary embodiments can be practiced withoututilizing an elastomeric material to interact with or otherwise providereactive force on the plates, or at least without utilizing anelastomeric material that makes up the housing or the like of theimplant 100. The plates can be attached rigidly at a number of locationsaround the edge thereof. By way of example, in effect, the plateprovides the rigid component and the spring component providing therestoring force.

Further, by way of example only and not by way of limitation, utilizingas a basis for discussion the device of FIG. 16A, with reference now toFIG. 16B, it can be seen that the magnet apparatus 160 and the plates170 and 172 and the springs 1610 are located in a housing 1669. In thisexemplary embodiment, the housing 1669 is a housing that alsoencompasses stimulator unit 122, while in other embodiments, the housingdoes not encompass stimulator unit 122 and/or only encompasses theplates, the magnet apparatus and the associated components. Theembodiment of FIG. 16B is depicted as having a housing 1669 includingthe stimulator unit 122 as that will provide a larger footprint/area toreact against any torque induced into the system. Any housingarrangement that will enable the teachings detailed herein and/orvariations thereof to be practiced can be utilized in at least someembodiments.

In an exemplary embodiment, the housing 1669 is a rigid housing (e.g.,it can have a rigidity of that of the plates or more or less).Additional details of this will be described below. As can be seen inFIG. 16B, there are two rails that extend from the bottom portion of thehousing 1669 to the top portion of the housing 1669, which rails extendsthrough plates 170 and 172. In an exemplary embodiment, the arrangementis such that the relationship between the rails 1655 and the plates issuch that the plates move with translational motion along the rails 1655and cannot substantially move (e.g., rotate) to a position where theyare no longer parallel to each other. This can be achieved viaclose-fitting holes through the plates relative to the rails 1655.Alternatively and/or in addition to this, extension tubes can be locatedon the plates in a manner that provides additional reaction torqueagainst any rotation of the plates. Here, the springs 1610 provide areaction force against the plates 170 and 172, moving away from eachother, or at least plate 170 moving away from plate 172 in the casewhere plate 172 is fixed to the bottom surface of the housing 1669, inthe presence of a magnetic field that imparts a torque onto the magnetapparatus 160. The plates operate, in at least some embodiments,according to the same general principles detailed herein, except thatinstead of utilizing the elastomeric material of the housing to providea force against the plates moving away from each other, the housing doesnot provide a force against the plates, but instead the springs 1610provides the entire force. In an exemplary embodiment, there isutilitarian value with respect utilizing a rigid housing in the sensethat the rigid housing can hold the rails 1655 in a properposition/properly aligned so that the system can operate in accordanceto the principles detailed herein.

It is noted that in an alternate embodiment, compression springs insteadof or in addition to the extension springs can be utilized. Thecompression springs can be located between the plate(s) and the housing1669 wall(s).

FIG. 16C depicts an alternate embodiment utilizing concepts similar tothose of FIG. 16B. In this regard, a plate 172L is utilized that extendsfrom the stimulator unit 122 to the magnet apparatus 160. In thisexemplary embodiment, the length of the plate 172L provides sufficientreaction against any torque imparted into the system resulting from themagnetic field applied to the magnet apparatus 160. Housing 1669X ispresented as being a rigid housing concomitant with housing 1660 of FIG.16B. However, in alternate embodiments, housing 1669X can be a housingmade of an elastomeric material. In such an exemplary embodiment,according to an exemplary embodiment thereof, there is sufficient spaceprovided for the plate 170 to move accordingly. That said, in analternate embodiment, the elastomeric material can act in combinationwith the springs 1610.

FIG. 16D presents an alternate embodiment utilizing concepts similar tothose of FIG. 16B. Here, the system utilizes a long plate 170L on thetop and a long plate 172L on the bottom. These plates extend from thestimulator unit 122 to the magnet apparatus 160 as can be seen. In anexemplary embodiment, owing to the fact that the plates have a modicumof resiliency over the long span owing to their length, while havinglocalized rigidity in the locations proximate to the magnet apparatus160, the arrangement of FIG. 16D can be used to practice the principlesdetailed herein and/or variations thereof. While it will be understoodthat the configuration of 16D may not result in the plates beingparallel to each other in some instances, in an exemplary embodiment,plate 170L can be a composite plate such that the portion thatinterfaces with magnet 160, is permitted to rotate relative to the otherportions of plate 170L when the plates separate from each other owing tothe torque applied to the magnet apparatus 160, so that the portion thatinterfaces with magnet 160 remains parallel. In an exemplary embodiment,portion 170L1 can be hinged to portion 170L2, and an arrangement can beprovided that imparts a force onto 170L1 as the plates are pushed apartto force the portion 170L1 to remain at least generally parallel to170L. Again, housing 1669X can be a rigid housing or a flexible housing.Any arrangement that can enable the teachings detailed herein and/orvariations thereof to be practiced can be utilized in at least someembodiments.

In this regard, the plates have been shown flat even when under loadsuch as in FIG. 15. Some embodiments utilize plates which have somecompliance so the plates bend to a limited extent when under load. Insome embodiments, this will put the plate in tension such that there isa restoring force tending to make the plate substantially flat again.This unbending force from the plate will add to the force on the magnetapparatus.

In view of the above, it will be understood that in an exemplaryembodiment, there is an implantable medical device, such as a cochlearimplant, or any other type of medical device that utilizes animplantable magnet (irrespective of what the implantable magnet is usedfor/irrespective of whether or not the implantable magnet is utilized toretain an external component to the recipient), comprising a magnetapparatus, such as magnet 160 detailed above by itself or encased in ahousing (e.g., a titanium housing) and/or coated in a biocompatiblematerial, and a body (e.g., body 199/housing conceptually represented byelement 1499 as detailed above) encompassing the magnet, the body madeof an elastomeric material, such as silicone(biocompatible/implantable), rubber (biocompatible/implantable rubber),or incorporating resilient elements (e.g. springs) as part of thehousing or any other material, such as a polymer body that will enablethe teachings detailed herein and/or variations thereof. The implantablemedical device resists rotation of the magnet relative to the body in atleast one plane when subjected to an externally generated magnetic fielddue to a component (e.g., one or both of the plates 170 and 172)relative to which the magnet apparatus is slidable, wherein thecomponent located within the body.

It is noted that by slidable, this means that the magnet changes aglobal position relative to the component. This as contrasted to themagnet revolving/spinning relative to the plates, where the magnet is inthe same position, except that points on the magnet's surface are at adifferent location. By analogy, a car tire can slide on ice when the cartire moves location. A car tire spinning on the ice is not slidingacross the ice.

In an exemplary embodiment, the medical device includes a plurality ofseparate structural components (e.g., plates 170 and 172) of greaterrigidity than the body/material of the body, at least partially embeddedin the body, wherein one of the plurality of structural componentscorresponds to the component relative to which the magnet apparatusslides, and wherein the structural components resists rotation of themagnet apparatus within the body, as detailed above (which resistance isachieved through interaction between the plates and the magnetapparatus). In an exemplary embodiment, the medical device includes afirst structural component and a second structural component (again,plates 170 and 172), where the first and second structural componentscollectively are sandwiching the magnet apparatus, wherein thestructural components resist rotation of the magnet apparatus in atleast one plane within the body. In this regard, in an exemplaryembodiment, the structural components resist rotation of the magnetapparatus in the plane used for the cross-sectional view shown in FIGS.7A, 8, 9, etc. That is, a plane on which the longitudinal axis of themagnet 160 lies.

In an exemplary embodiment, the plates are about ½, 1, 1.5, 2 or 3 ormore orders of magnitude more rigid than the body. By way of exampleonly and not by way of limitation, silicone has a young's modulus of0.001 to 0.05 GPa while PEEK has a young's modulus of 3.6 GPa.

By “resists rotation,” as detailed herein the medical device isconfigured to permit a modicum of rotation of the magnet apparatus.Indeed, in at least some exemplary embodiments, some initial rotation isrequired so as to push the plates apart thereby creating theabove-detailed force F2, so as to resist further rotation. Accordingly,in an exemplary embodiment, the first and second plates, which areseparate from one another, are arranged such that the magnet apparatusis restrained from rotating beyond an initial amount within the body bythe first and second plates, this being encompassed by the configurationthat resists rotation as detailed herein.

Note further that in an exemplary embodiment of this exemplaryembodiment, the magnet alone and/or the magnet coated with anothermaterial and/or the magnet located in a container making up the magnetapparatus can revolve relative to the longitudinal axis thereof.Accordingly, in an exemplary embodiment, the medical device isconfigured to not resist revolution of the magnet apparatus and/or themagnet, at least about one axis.

It is further noted that in an exemplary embodiment, the medical deviceis configured to resist movement of the magnet apparatus in all threedirections of the Cartesian coordinate system. That said, in analternate embodiment, the medical device is configured to resistmovement of the magnet apparatus in only one or two directions of theCartesian coordinate system. Corollary to this is that in an exemplaryembodiment, the medical device is configured to resist rotation of themagnet apparatus about all three directions of the Cartesian coordinatesystem. That said, in an alternate embodiment, the medical device isconfigured to resist rotation of the magnet apparatus about only one ortwo directions of the Cartesian coordinate system.

Still further, as seen in FIG. 7A, the magnet apparatus has a width andheight (e.g., the width is the long axis (largest diameter) of acircular magnet, and the height is the short axis of the circularmagnet), wherein the height is less than the width, and the first plate170 is located on a top side of the magnet apparatus, and the secondplate 172 is located on a bottom side of the magnet apparatus oppositethe top side, wherein the plates extend in a direction normal to thedirection of the height (normal to the direction of the longitudinalaxis of the magnet).

Corollary to this is that in an exemplary embodiment, the plates have awidth and a height, wherein the height is less than the width, the widthof the plates is greater than the width of the magnet apparatus, and thewidth of the plates is at least about parallel to the width of themagnet apparatus (consistent with FIG. 7A). As can be seen in thefigures, one or both of the plates can extend past outer peripheries ofthe magnet apparatus with respect to a direction parallel to the widthof the magnet apparatus.

In view of FIGS. 7B and 7C and 16, in an exemplary embodiment, anelastomeric material is located at opposite locations relative to theheight direction of the magnet apparatus, and the elastomeric materialthat is located at opposite locations is located between the first plateand the second plate relative to the direction of extension of theheight of the magnet apparatus. In an exemplary embodiment, theaforementioned elastomeric material can correspond to the elastomericmaterial of the body encompassing the plates (the housing 199). In anexemplary embodiment, the aforementioned elastomeric material cancorrespond to material separate from the material of the body (springmaterial, separate silicone where the body is also silicone, springinessbuilt into the plates, etc.).

In an exemplary embodiment, the elastomeric material of the body(housing 199) resists movement of the first plate away from the secondplate due to rotational torque applied to the magnet apparatus by theexternal magnetic field, thereby resisting rotation of the magnetapparatus. Again, the term “resists” encompasses a modicum of movementof the plates away from one another (and note that movement of the firstplate away from the second plate also includes movement of the secondplate away from the first plate as well, providing that there ismovement of the first plate away from the second plate).

As noted above, in an exemplary embodiment, the magnet apparatuscomprises a magnet located in a container, wherein the magnet is free torevolve relative to the container. FIG. 17 provides an exemplaryschematic of such an exemplary environment, depicting magnet apparatus160 (and, accordingly, any disclosure herein of magnet 160 correspondsto a disclosure of magnet apparatus of FIG. 17), including container160′ and magnet 160″. FIG. 17 depicts magnet 160″ subjected to anexternal magnetic field that imparts a torque thereon about an axisnormal to the longitudinal axis 599 of the magnet 160″, the torquerepresented by arrow 17T, causing the magnet to rotate about the axisnormal to the longitudinal axis 599 of the magnet. The torque 17Tdepicted in FIG. 17 may represent the entire torque imparted on themagnet 160″ by the external magnetic field or the component of theentire torque that causes the magnet to rotate—i.e. the component of theimparted torque that is centered about an axis normal to thelongitudinal axis 599 of the magnet 160″. The rotation of the magnet160″ is limited by the inner walls of container 160′, and the torqueapplied to the container 160′ by the magnet 160″ is opposed by theplates as detailed herein, which are not shown in FIG. 17, but thefunction thereof is represented by arrows 17A and 17B, which applies thecounter torque to the magnet, thereby resisting the torque 17T. However,the magnet 160″ is configured to revolve about a longitudinal axis 599,even though the magnet is restrained from rotating beyond that permittedby the plate/housing assembly. In this regard, FIGS. 18A-18C depict anexemplary revolution of magnet 160″ within container 160′, where thecontainer 160′ remains stationary in each of the FIGs., but the magnet160″ revolves about axis 599. It is further noted that in this exemplaryembodiment, the magnet 160″ is a magnet having the north-south pole onthe lateral sides of the magnet (i.e., the pole is aligned normal to thelongitudinal axis 599). In an exemplary alternative embodiment, themagnet 160″ can be a magnet having the north-south pole axis alignedwith the longitudinal axis.

Accordingly, in an exemplary embodiment, the magnet apparatus comprisesa magnet 160″ located in a container 160′, wherein the magnet is free torevolve relative to the container.

In an exemplary embodiment, the elastomeric material of the body extendsaround a majority of a circumference of the container in face to facerelationship with the circumference of the container. By “face to facerelationship,” it is meant that there is no other component of theimplantable component 100 in between the elastomeric material and thecontainer, such as a chassis or the like. In an exemplary embodiment,the silicone of the silicone body extends completely around the magnetapparatus in face to face relationship with the circumference of themagnet apparatus.

It is noted that in an exemplary embodiment, the container can include alow friction coating such as PTFE and/or a lubricant, such as an oil orthe like, that reduces friction between the magnet 160″ and the innersurface of the container 160′. Alternatively or in addition to this, themagnet apparatus 160 can utilize ball bearings or an axle with bushes,or the like. Indeed, in an exemplary embodiment, this can preventsubstantially all (including all) rotation of the magnet 160″ relativeto the container 160′, while permitting the magnet 160″ to revolverelative to the container 160′. FIG. 19 depicts such an exemplaryembodiment.

FIG. 20 depicts an exemplary embodiment of a plate 172, depicting a sideview (top) and a top view (bottom). As can be seen, in an exemplaryembodiment, the plate 172 has holes 173 into which the silicone materialof the body (housing) can enter, thereby interlocking the elastomericmaterial with the plate. The configuration of plate 172 of FIG. 20 canbe used as plate 170 as well.

It is noted that while in some embodiments, the holes 173 extendcompletely through the plate 172, in an alternate embodiment, the holes173 only extended a portion of the way through the plate 172, so as topreserve a smooth surface on one side of the plate (e.g., the sidefacing the magnet). Still further by way of example, the holes 173 canbe dovetailed or the like, so that the elastomeric material, during amolding process, can flow into the holes and then be quasi trappedtherein. It is noted that while the embodiment of FIG. 20 presents anabundance of holes 173, alternate embodiments may utilize fewer holes173. Alternatively, some embodiments may utilize more holes than thosedepicted in FIG. 20.

Note further that while the arrangement of holes 173 depicted in FIG. 20corresponds to an array of holes located across the entire surface ofthe plate 172, in some alternate embodiments, the holes are morespecifically located. In an exemplary embodiment, the holes can bearrayed about the outer periphery of the plate 172. This can haveutilitarian value in embodiments where, for example, the holes 173extend all the way through the plate 172, and it is desired to have asmooth surface at locations inboard of the holes along which the magnetapparatus will slide relative to the plate. Corollary to this is thatthere can instead be utilitarian value to having the holes 173 locatedin the center portion of the plates, where the tips of the magnetapparatuses do not reach because the rotation thereof is limited.Indeed, in an exemplary embodiment, this can permit maximumstretchability of the elastomeric material about the plates, because theelastomeric material is only anchored to the plates at the center. Thatsaid, in some embodiments, such may not have utilitarian value, and theformer arrangement can be applied so as to permit minimum stretchabilityof the elastomeric material about the plates (because the elastomericmaterial is anchored to the plates about the periphery). Alternatively,combinations can exist where the holes on the outer periphery extend allthe way through the plate, and the holes inboard thereof only extend aportion of the way through the plate, or visa-versa, etc.

Note further that the holes do not have to be completely surroundedholes, as seen in FIG. 21, where holes 174 are arrayed about theperiphery (not all holes are depicted).

Any combination of holes that can enable the teachings detailed hereinand/or variations thereof to be practiced can be utilized in at leastsome exemplary embodiments. This includes by way of example and not byway of limitation, tracks, channels or notches formed in the outwardfacing surface of the plate(s) with a dovetail groove or overhang thatmechanically engages with the elastomeric housing.

In an exemplary embodiment, the plates can be made of PEEK, and can havea 0.3 mm thickness (the dimension of the top reproduction of 172 in FIG.20) and a spanwise diameter (the dimension of the bottom reproduction of172 in FIG. 20) of 19 mm. Larger or smaller plates can be utilized. Forexample, the plates can have a thickness ranging from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm,0.2 mm to 0.4 mm or 0.25 to 0.35 mm and a spanwise diameter ranging from15 mm to 24 mm, 16 mm to 23 mm or 17 mm to 21 mm. Still further, whilethe embodiments depicted in the FIGs. depict circular plates,alternative embodiments can utilize plates having oval shaped orgenerally rectangular (including square) shaped plates (with respect tothe view looking at the surface facing towards or away from the magnetapparatus). Also, plates having complex boundaries can be utilized (starshapes, combination of rectangular and circular shapes, etc.). Indeed,the shapes of the plates can be tailored to achieve a given performancefeature, as the shape of the plate will impact the resistance toseparation of the plates away from one another for a given torqueapplied to a given magnet, all other things being equal. Still further,the bottom plate can be of a different configuration than the top plate.

In an exemplary embodiment, the plates can be made of any nonmagneticmaterial. Still further, and an exemplary embodiment, the plates can bemade of any material that is conducive to the transfer of the magneticflux generated by the magnet of the magnet apparatus 160 through theplates. Still further, any material or configuration of the plates thatis conducive to the use of the coils 137 can be utilized.

In an exemplary embodiment, the plates are made from PTFE, PPSU,ceramic, or other materials or combinations of these materials. It isfurther noted that in an exemplary embodiment, the elastomeric body ismolded about the plates. Thus, in an exemplary embodiment, theimplantable component 100 is configured such that the plates are notremovable from the body except in a scenario where the body is purposelybeing destroyed.

As noted above, the plates do not have to have parallel surfaces. Whilein some embodiments, the surface facing the magnet can be a flatsurface, in other embodiments, the surface facing the magnet can becurved. Indeed, in an exemplary embodiment, curvature can be utilized toachieve a nonlinear “force” to “distance between plates” curveirrespective of the material properties of the elastomeric materialutilized with the plates. Such an exemplary embodiment is seen in FIG.22, where plates 170X are utilized. In an exemplary embodiment, becauseof the curved surfaces of plates 170X, the more that the magnet 160rotates, the resistance to the rotation thereof owing to the curvatureof the surface increases in a non-linear manner for a given plateseparation.

In an exemplary embodiment, a flat surface is utilized on one of thebottom or top plates, so as to provide stability to the magnet (e.g., toreduce any tendencies of the magnet 160 to rock owing to the fact thatcurved surfaces support the magnet), while a curved surface is utilizedwith one the other of the plates so as to achieve the above notednonlinear force curve.

That said, in an alternate embodiment, the magnet is contoured to thecurves. In this regard, FIG. 23A depicts magnet apparatus 160X, whichhas an upper surface and a lower surface that is contoured to thenegative of the curved surfaces of the plates 170X. In an exemplaryembodiment, magnet apparatus 160X is rotationally symmetric about thelongitudinal axis thereof (i.e., it has bowl-like depressions on eitherside of the magnet apparatus). In an exemplary embodiment, this can haveutilitarian value in that the contact between the magnet apparatus 160Xand the plates 170X is always located at the outboard portions of themagnet 160X during rotation of the magnet 160X relative to the plates170X (as opposed to possible embodiments of the embodiment of FIG. 22).

FIG. 23B depicts magnet apparatus 160 X in conjunction with plates 170Yand 170X. Plate 170Y includes the magnet apparatus contact surfacecorresponding to that of plate 170X, except with the additional featurethat the plate 170Y extends further away from the longitudinal axis ofthe system than that of plate 170X. In an exemplary embodiment, thiscould have utilitarian value with respect to the fact that the bottomplate 170X is supported by the mastoid bone (in the example of acochlear implant or other medical device having an inductance coillocated thereabove), albeit through the body 199, while the top plate170Y is not supported by any structure of the human body (or supportedby soft tissue—skin, fat muscle). In this regard, the forces resultingfrom the application of the torque to the magnet apparatus are reactedagainst by bone on the bottom. Thus, the “footprint” of the bottom plate170X can be smaller than that of the top plate 170Y, at least in someembodiments.

Corollary to the concept of FIG. 23B is seen in FIG. 23C, which usesflat parallel surfaces for the locations where the magnet apparatus willslide relative to the plates, but includes a plate 170Z that uses cantedsurfaces for the portions that do not come into contact with the magnetapparatus 160 during rotation of the magnet. These canted surfaces canbe utilitarian in that the plate 170Z can be contoured to the outergeometry of the body of the implantable component 100, to the extentthat the body of the implantable component 100 slopes downward from thecenter to the sides. By canting the plate 170Z as seen, a widerfootprint can be achieved, while also permitting the implantablecomponent to have a lower profile relative to that which would be thecase if a perfectly flat plate having a similar footprint is utilized.Further as can be seen, the plate 170Z need not be symmetric about itslongitudinal axis.

As noted above, not all of the surface of the plates is sliding surface.Accordingly, an exemplary embodiment, such as seen in FIG. 23D, includesplates 1700 and 1720 (the magnet apparatus 160 has been removed forclarity) that include bumpers 178 that align the magnet upon its returnto the relaxed/no torque state after rotating due to exposure to theexternal magnetic field. The bumpers 178 can prevent the magnet frommoving to a location beyond which is deemed permissible. FIG. 23Edepicts an alternate embodiment, where plates 1701 and 1721 includetracks 179 that guide the magnet as it rotates, thus ensuring, or atleast reducing the likelihood that the magnet will move to a locationthat is less utilitarian when subjected to the magnetic field and wereafter the magnetic field is removed (such functionality is alsoachievable in the embodiments utilizing the bumpers 178 in at least someembodiments). Note further that while the tracks and bumpers detailedherein are presented in terms of fixed components, these components canbe configured to move with the magnet. Indeed, in exemplary embodiments,the magnet can have a system akin to a rack and pinion system thatpermits the magnet to move according to the teachings detailed hereinwhile also preventing the magnet from moving outside the localgeographic coordinates of the plate system.

It is noted that the exemplary embodiments presented in FIGS. 23A-23E,as with all embodiments herein, are presented in terms of concept.Variations from the specific disclosure herein can be practiced whileachieving utilitarian value according the teachings detailed herein. Tobe clear, any device, system and/or method that can enable any of theteachings detailed herein and/or variations thereof to be practiced canbe utilized at least some embodiments.

Any device, system and/or method of enabling the teachings detailedherein and/or variations thereof utilizing one or more structures (e.g.,the plates) located in an elastomeric body can be utilized in at leastsome embodiments.

In view of the above, in an exemplary embodiment, there is animplantable medical device, such as any of those detailed herein and/orvariations thereof, including a magnet, such as any of the magnetsdetailed herein and/or variations thereof, and a body encompassing themagnet, again such as any of the bodies detailed herein and/orvariations thereof. In this exemplary embodiment, the implantablemedical device includes structural components in the body configured tomove away from one another upon initial rotation of the magnet relativeto the body when the magnet is subjected to an externally generatedmagnetic field, thereby limiting rotation of the magnet beyond theinitial rotation.

Also, in an exemplary embodiment, there is an implantable medicaldevice, such as any of those detailed herein and/or variations thereof,including a magnet and a body encompassing the magnet. The implantablemedical device includes structural components in the body configured tomove away from one another due to torque applied to the magnet when themagnet is subjected to an externally generated magnetic field, therebyresisting rotation of the magnet at least beyond an initial rotation.

In an exemplary embodiment of these exemplary embodiments, theimplantable medical device is configured to resist movement of thestructural components away from one another. In an exemplary embodiment,the movement away of the structural components from one another tensionsan elastomeric material making up at least a portion of the body,thereby limiting further movement of the structural components away fromone another, which in turn limits further rotation of the magnet beyondany initial rotation.

Note further, in an exemplary embodiment, the structural componentsinclude surfaces facing one another in between which the magnet islocated. The rotation of the magnet applies a force in a first directionagainst a first surface of one of the structural components and a forcein a second direction against a second surface of one other of thestructural components, thereby exerting forces on the components pushingthe components away from one another, which force is at least partiallyresisted by the body, thereby limiting rotation of the magnet. Also, inan exemplary embodiment, the magnet is part of a magnet apparatus, andthe implantable medical device is configured such that the magnetapparatus is slidable against the structural components, therebyencouraging rotation of the magnet relative to the structural componentswhen the magnet is subjected to the externally generated magnetic field,relative to that which would exist with a configuration where the magnetapparatus was not slidable against the structural components.

Further, in an exemplary embodiment, the structural components compriseplates that sandwich the magnet, wherein torque applied to the magnetthat imparts the rotation of the magnet imparts a camming action on theplates, thereby driving the plates away from one another, which cammingaction is counterbalanced when the plates have reached an equilibriumcondition due to resistance to movement of the plates by the body.

As noted above, in at least some embodiments, there is utilitarian valuewith respect to enhancing the slidability of the magnet apparatus 160relative to the plates. In this regard, in at least some embodiments,the surfaces facing the magnet apparatus/surfaces that contact themagnet apparatus are low friction surfaces. Alternatively and/or inaddition to this, the surfaces of the magnet apparatus that contact theplates are also low friction surfaces. In an exemplary embodiment, amaterial that enhances slidability between the components can beutilized.

In at least some embodiments, the force profiles on the plates, or, moreaccurately, the change in the force profiles on the plates, due tomovement of the plates away from one another, can be tuned by varyingvarious properties of the plate-magnet-body combination. In an exemplaryembodiment, the size of the plates (e.g., span) can be differentdepending on the desired change in the force profile. Alternativelyand/or in addition to this, the elastomeric material making up the bodycan have different elastic moduluses. Alternatively and/or in additionto this, the stiffness of the plates can be changed. It is noted that inan exemplary embodiment, the stiffness can be varied by changing thethickness of the plate while using the same material, changing thematerial of the plate while maintaining the same thickness, or changingthe material and thickness of the plate, all changes being relative to agiven baseline (as is the case with all changes detailed herein). Stillfurther, as detailed above, plates having different geometries can beutilized. With respect to the embodiment of FIG. 7D, the plate 170D willbe less rigid at the outboard locations in a non-linear manner, owing tothe fact that the thickness of the plates increases with distancetowards the inboard location. That said, in an alternative embodiment,the structure of the plates can be such that the thickness of the platesthins with location closer to the inboard location.

Any arrangement of plates that can be utilized to implement theteachings detailed herein and/or variations thereof can be utilized inat least some embodiments.

With reference to FIG. 1B, as noted above, in an exemplary embodiment,the implantable component 100 includes a slit 180 configured to provideaccess through the exterior of the implantable component 100 to thelocation between the plates 170 and 172. Thus, according to an exemplaryembodiment, there is an implantable medical device, such as a cochlearimplant, or other medical device that utilizes a magnet, for whateverreason, comprising a magnet and a body encompassing the magnet, whereinthe silicone body has a slit configured to enable passage of the magnettherethrough. Accordingly, an exemplary embodiment includes a side entrypocket for the magnet apparatus.

More specifically, as can be seen in FIG. 24, which corresponds to anexploded view of a portion of the structure shown in FIG. 1C above, slit198, which corresponds to slit 180 of FIG. 1B, in some embodiments, islocated in a side wall of the housing made of elastomeric material 199.The slit 198 leads through the elastomeric material of the housing madethereof to a location between the plates 170 and 172. In an exemplaryembodiment, in its relaxed state, the slit has a major axis that is atleast about the width of the magnet apparatus 160, whereas the minoraxis of the slit can be negligible, if not zero. That is, owing to theresiliency of the elastomeric material from which the housing is made,the slit 198 can be expanded to an expanded state so as to provide anopening of sufficient size to slide the magnet apparatus 160 into thehousing and through the slit 198 to the location in between the plates.

Thus, with reference to FIG. 24, in an exemplary embodiment, the medicaldevice includes a first surface and a second surface of an anti-rotationapparatus (e.g., plates 172 and 170), wherein the magnet is locatedbetween the first surface and the second surface, and wherein a pathexists from ends of the surfaces to the slit 198 through which themagnet can travel to reach the slit 198.

It is noted that in some embodiments, the slit 198 is not provided inthe implantable component 100 when implanted in the recipient. In anexemplary embodiment, the slit is provided in the implantable componentat the time that the magnet is needed to be removed, via a surgeryprocedure. Accordingly, in an exemplary embodiment, there is a method ofremoving the magnet, which entails accessing the implantable component100 while the implantable component is implanted in a recipient via asurgical procedure, optionally cutting into the body to form the slit198, or opening the slit 198 if already present (and closed), removingthe magnet apparatus 160, optionally temporarily closing the slit orotherwise sealing the slit, or replacing the magnet with a non magneticblank (e.g., a dummy magnet) of similar outer dimensions, conducting anMRI method, reaccessing the implantable component 100, reopening theslit formed therein if the optional temporary closing thereof wasexecuted, replacing the magnet apparatus 160, and closing the slit orotherwise sealing the slit (which closing/sealing can be a compostaccording to the teachings detailed below in at least some embodiments).Note further that in an exemplary embodiment, the implantable component100 can include an embryonic slit. That is, the implantable componentcan include an area that is depressed or otherwise thin relative toother components, which area is proximate a path through the body to alocation between the plates. Because the section is relatively thin, itwill be relatively straightforward for the surgeon to cut through thethinned area to reach the path. Alternatively and/or in addition tothis, the body can be marked or otherwise provided on the outside with acurve or a line (dye or with a raised or depressed area) indicating tothe surgeon where he or she should cut to form the slit.

In an exemplary embodiment, the aforementioned features regarding theembryonic slits and/or markings can be molded into the silicone.

Now with reference to FIG. 25, which depicts a view looking from theright side of FIG. 24 down the longitudinal axis of the implantablecomponent 100, with the top plate 198 removed for clarity, in anexemplary embodiment, the slit 198 includes two opposite surfaces 197Aand 197B, the two opposite surfaces extending along the major axis ofthe slit (the axis parallel to the horizontal of FIG. 25). The twoopposite surfaces are level in a plane extending normal to a thicknessdirection (the vertical direction of FIG. 25) of the magnet (when theslit is in the relaxed position). Further, the two opposite surfaces197A and 197B are smooth, and the two opposite surfaces are in closeproximity to one another (again, in the relaxed state). In an exemplaryembodiment, the opposite surfaces 197A and 197B are in such closeproximity to one another that they contact one another, again in therelaxed state. That said, in an alternative embodiment, the oppositesurfaces are about 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 1.0, 1.1,1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 mm or more away from each other in the relaxed state.

In an exemplary embodiment, the implantable component 100 is configuredsuch that the two opposite surfaces 197A and 197B are urged towards eachother, sometimes such that the surfaces contact one another. In anexemplary embodiment, this can be achieved via the generalresilient/elastomeric nature of the material of the housing.Alternatively and/or in addition to this, this can be achieved via aspring embedded in the elastomeric body. In an exemplary embodiment, theimplantable component 100 is configured such that the two oppositesurfaces 197A and 197B are maintained in contact with each other. In anexemplary embodiment, this can be achieved via the generalresilient/elastomeric nature of the material of the housing.Alternatively and/or in addition to this, this can be achieved via aspring 196 embedded in the elastomeric body, as conceptually depicted inFIG. 26, where the oval-shaped spring 196 has a memory that drives thespring 196 to have minor axis as short as possible (i.e., the upper andlower portions desire to head towards each other). Still further, by wayof example only and not by way of limitation, this can be achieved viaone or more sutures (applied after the magnet apparatus is inserted intothe slit). Further, adhesives can be utilized to close the slit. Also,in an exemplary embodiment, a tongue and groove fit can be utilized,such as seen in FIGS. 27A, 27B and 27C, depicting a cross-sectional viewof the slit 198 taken on a plane normal to the view of FIG. 25 in thevertical direction, where the top structure corresponds to the upperlip/surface of the slit, and the bottom structure corresponds to thelower lip/surface of the slit or vice versa. FIGS. 27B and 27C depictinterference fits, with FIG. 27C depicting a dovetail fit.

In an exemplary embodiment, the slit 198 can be configured with astructure corresponding to a zip lock structure utilized in sandwichbags or sterile bags of the like.

Accordingly, in an exemplary embodiment, the slit is held at least oneof closed or constrained against further opening using at least one ofsutures, an interference fit between two opposite sides of the slit, ora spring embedded in the silicone body.

It is noted that any of these manners of closing or otherwise providinga force against the slit 198 from opening further can be combined witheach other. Any device, system, and/or method that will enable the slitto be closed or otherwise provide a force against the slit 198 fromopening further can be utilized in at least some embodiments. In thisregard, in an exemplary embodiment, there is a device embedded orotherwise enclosed within the body that provides a compressive force onthe surfaces of the slit.

Note further that there are other manners in which the slit can bemanaged. Instead of or in addition to driving the surfaces of the slittowards each other or providing a force resisting opening of the slit,the slit can be plugged in a manner analogous to utilizing a cork toplug a bottle of wine or the like. In this regard, FIG. 28A duplicatesFIG. 24, except depicting the plug 195 plugging the slit 198. As can beseen, the plug 195 is connected to the magnet apparatus 160. In thisregard, the plug can have dual utilitarian value in that it can beutilized to aid in extracting and/or placing the magnet 160 between theplates. That said, in an alternative embodiment, plug 195 can be aseparate component to the magnet. It is further noted that in anexemplary embodiment, the plug 195 is configured such that the magnetapparatus 160 can rotate according to the teachings detailed hereinwithout adjusting or otherwise interfering with the location of the plugin the slit 198.

In view of the above, it can be seen that in an exemplary embodiment, nopart of the magnet apparatus 160 forms an outer surface of theimplantable component 100. In this regard, in an exemplary embodiment,this ensures that only the elastomeric material of the body is exposed.In exemplary embodiment, this can have utilitarian value in that lessbacterial attachment will occur as bacterial attachment is lower withrespect to silicone them with respect to titanium or other materialsforming the outer boundary of the magnet apparatus 160. In an exemplaryembodiment, utilitarian biofilm resistance can be achieved throughmaintaining the opposite surfaces of the slit 198 smooth, at the samelevel (no step), and in close proximity to one another.

FIG. 28B presents another exemplary embodiment which has a rampstructure 172R, wherein the ramp structure 172R is configured to guidethe magnet (and thus the magnet apparatus), during removal thereof fromthe body, towards the slit 198. In an exemplary embodiment, the rampstructure 172R is a separate component from the plate 172. In anexemplary embodiment, the two are linked by additional structure, orotherwise joined together by a suitable mechanical joining system (e.g.,welding). Alternatively, the two are simply embedded or otherwisesupported within the body as separate components. In an alternativeembodiment, the ramp 172R is a portion of the bottom plate. That is, thebottom plate has a first portion that is configured to be parallel withthe upper plate, and a portion that is angled, bent or otherwise cantedrelative to that first portion.

FIG. 28C presents a portion of the implantable component 100 accordingto a slightly alternate exemplary embodiment, with the view thereofgenerally corresponding to the view of FIG. 24, except that the coil 137is located further away from the plates and the slit 198. In thisregard, it can be seen that the body portion extends further away fromthe plates than in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 24, and thus thecoil 137 also is located further away from the plates and the slit 198than an exemplary embodiment of FIG. 24.

FIG. 29 depicts a top view of an exemplary plug-magnet apparatuscombination. In this exemplary embodiment, it can be seen that the plughas a relative diameter that is smaller than the maximum diameter of themagnet apparatus. This can have utilitarian value with respect to slits198 that have a major axis that is smaller than the maximum diameter ofthe plug. That said, in an alternate embodiment, the relative diametercan be larger than the maximum diameter of the magnet apparatus or canbe the same as the maximum diameter of the magnet apparatus.

Accordingly, in an exemplary embodiment of the embodiments utilizing theslits detailed herein and/or variations thereof, the magnet is part of amagnet apparatus, the magnet apparatus including a first portion (e.g.,the plug 195), wherein the first portion is located in the slit 198,resisting further closure of the slit, thereby creating a seal betweenthe slit 198 and the first portion 195. Corollary to this is that in atleast some embodiments, the plug 195 is configured to expand the slit,at least slightly, beyond the size of the slit in a relaxed position,thereby establishing the seal. It is further noted that in at least someembodiments, any of the aforementioned features utilized with the slitsdetailed herein can be utilized to seal the slit 198. Note that by seal,it is not meant that a hermetic seal is established. That said, in analternative embodiment, a hermetic seal can be established according tosome implementations of the teachings detailed herein, if not withsilicone, with some other material (or a composite material can beutilized, where the slit is formed by a material that can form ahermetic seal, and that material is bonded or otherwise attached to thesilicone or other material). That said, the slit can be configured toprevent “larger” matter from entering, an/or can establish a seal thatis concomitant with any permeability features of the body in general(e.g., the overall body effectively performs as if the body does nothave a slit). It is further noted that while the ends of the slits aredepicted as tapering towards each other from the respective upper andlower surfaces thereof, in an alternative embodiment, the ends of theslit can encompass a slightly wider circular area so as to relievestress and/or avoid “tearing” of the elastomeric material of thehousing.

FIGS. 24 and 25 depict the slit 198 being located in a sidewall of thebody of the implantable component 100, as opposed to the top wall or thebottom wall (the walls configured to be located parallel to the skin,and in the case of a cochlear implant, the mastoid bone of the recipientwhen the medical devices is implanted). More generally, the outerdimensions of the body 199 have a length (the direction along thelongitudinal axis of the body (the horizontal direction of FIGS. 1B and1C)), a width (the vertical direction of FIG. 1B), and a height (thethickness/the vertical direction of FIG. 1C), wherein the height ismeasured through the magnet, wherein the height is the smallestdimension, and wherein the slit 198 is located between points on the twosurfaces establishing the height dimension (e.g., points 24A and 24B, asshown in FIG. 24). Still further, as can be seen from the FIGs., theslit 198 is configured to enable ingress and egress of the magnet 160 ina direction having a major component in a Cartesian coordinate system inat least one of the X or Z direction, wherein the Y direction is normalto a surface of the body configured to lie against a mastoid bone of arecipient of the implantable medical device (the surface of point 24B ofFIG. 24). In this regard, as can be seen from FIG. 24, for magnet 160 tobe removed, it must extend a greater distance in the X direction (thehorizontal of FIG. 24) than in the Y direction (the vertical of FIG.24), and thus the direction of Y is a minor component of the movement ofthe magnet 160 during ingress and egress (as it is smaller than the Xcomponent—the Z component is zero, as the Z component extends out of thepage of FIG. 24, but in an embodiment where the slits 198 is located onthe lateral sides of the body (as opposed to the longitudinal side), orin between, the Z component would be non-zero).

Note further that in the embodiment of FIGS. 24 and 25, the medicaldevice includes an electromagnetic communication coil 137 extendingabout the magnet 160. The medical device includes a functional component(stimulator 122) communicatively linked to the communication coil 137,the functional component 122 and the slit 198 being located opposite oneanother relative to the magnet 160. This is opposed to a scenario wherethe slit was located at point 24A or 24B.

It is noted that embodiments include methods of utilizing the teachingsdetailed herein and/or variations. In this regard, it is noted that anydisclosure of any device or system corresponds to a disclosure of amethod of using and a method of making that device and/or system.Further, any disclosure of any method detailed herein also correspondsto a disclosure of a device for executing the method and/or a system forexecuting the method. In this regard, an exemplary method will now bedescribed, where, as just noted, embodiments include a device configuredto execute any or all of the method actions that follow.

Referring now to FIG. 30, there is an exemplary flowchart 3000, whichcorresponds to an exemplary method. Flowchart 3000 includes methodaction 3010, which entails subjecting a subcutaneous medical devicecontaining a magnet, such as any of the medical devices detailed hereinand/or variations thereof, to a magnetic field of at least 0.2 T, suchas that resulting from an MRI machine, thereby imparting a torque ontothe magnet, the torque having a component in a plane normal to a surfaceof skin of the recipient. It is noted that the at least 0.2 Teslamagnetic field is a threshold value. Exemplary embodiments can entailsubjecting the magnet to a magnetic field of at least 0.2 T, 0.5 T, 1.0T, 1.5 T, 2.0 T, 2.5 T, 3 T or 4 T or 7 T or more. It is further notedthat with respect to the component of the torque, this means that if thetorque is divided up into planes lying on the Cartesian coordinatesystem, a component of the torque will lie on the plane that is normalto the skin of the recipient (e.g., of the X and Z axis are located onthe tangent surfaces of the skin, the Y axis is normal to the surface ofthe skin). There may be a component of the torque imparted onto otherplanes, but there will be at least a torque component located on theaforementioned plane. An exemplary embodiment, this is the major torquecomponent. That is, of all of the torque components, the component lyingon this plane will be the largest.

Method 3000 further includes method action 3020, which entails limitingand/or opposing at least a portion of the torque of the magnet that isimparted to a support apparatus (e.g., the plates) of the medical devicesupporting the magnet (either directly or indirectly) via structure ofthe subcutaneous medical device. In an exemplary embodiment, theelimination of all torque that is imparted into the support apparatuscan meet this method action, providing that such an arrangement can bemanufactured in a utilitarian manner. In an exemplary embodiment, thelimitation of the amount of torque that is applied to the magnet that isimparted into the support apparatus can be limited and/or opposed to/byabout 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%and/or 100% or an value or range of values in between in about 1%increments of the torque applied to the magnet (e.g., at 50%, half thetorque applied to the magnet is imparted into the support apparatus, at10%, only 1/10^(th) of the torque applied to the magnet is imparted intothe support apparatus, etc.).

In an exemplary embodiment, the action of limiting at least a portion ofthe torque of the magnet that is imparted to support apparatus of themedical device entails permitting the magnet to rotate at least about 5°in the plane relative to a position of the magnet in the absence of theexternal magnetic field. In an exemplary embodiment, this entailspermitting the magnet to rotate at least about 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°,and/or about 30°, or more, or any value or range of values therebetweenin about 1° increments. Still further, in an alternate embodiment, thisentails preventing the magnet from rotating any more than at least about5°, about 10°, about 15°, about 20°, about 25°, and/or about 30°, and/orabout 35° or any value or range of values therebetween in about 1°increments.

In an exemplary embodiment, the action of limiting at least a portion ofthe torque of the magnet that is imparted to the support apparatus ofthe medical device entails permitting the magnet to slide relative tothe support apparatus such that the support apparatus expands from acontracted state (e.g., the plates 170 and 172 move away from oneanother), thereby transferring energy from the torque into a body of theimplanted medical device (e.g., the body made from elastomeric material199 as detailed above) which transferred energy is absorbed by the body.This as opposed to a scenario where the torque is transferred into thebody, and the body transfers the torque into the tissue of therecipient, where the energy transferred into the tissue is absorbed bythe tissue. That said, it is noted that owing to the expansion of thesupport structure, and thus the expansion of the body, a force will beimparted onto the tissue of the recipient. However, the energy absorbedby the body of the implanted medical device can be more than the energytransferred to the skin of the recipient as a result of the torque. Inan exemplary embodiment, over 50% of the energy that is transferred fromthe magnet is absorbed by the body of the implanted device, and thusless than 50% of the energy that is transferred from the magnet isavailable to be absorbed by the tissue/skin of the recipient. In anexemplary embodiment, over about 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%,95%, or more of the energy that is transferred from and/or into themagnet is absorbed by the body of the implanted device.

In an exemplary embodiment, the magnet is permitted to partially rotateso that the poles of the magnet are more aligned with the externalmagnetic field, while not necessarily being completely aligned, so as toreduce the torque on the implant resulting from the interaction of theexternal magnetic field with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet,relative to that which would be the case if the magnet was restrainedfrom rotating relative to the body of the implant. The amount ofrotation that is permitted is within the boundaries of the design of theimplant so as to substantially ensure that upon the removal of theexternal magnetic field, the magnet returns to its at rest position, andthe implant is not permanently damaged.

Corollary to the above, it is noted that in an exemplary embodiment,method 3000 further includes limiting at least a portion of the torqueof the magnet that is imparted into tissue of the recipient of themedical device via structure of the subcutaneous medical device. In anexemplary embodiment, about 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%,95%, or more of the energy that is transferred into the magnet isprevented from being transferred to tissue of the recipient. Thus, aswill be understood from the aforementioned examples, in at least someembodiments, the methods according to the teachings detailed hereininclude limiting effectively all of the torque of the magnet that isimparted into tissue of the recipient of the medical device viastructure of the subcutaneous medical device.

It is further noted that in at least some of these exemplary methods,the magnet is restrained from rotating more than a quarter revolution(90°) relative to the position of the magnet and the absence of themagnetic field, and in some embodiments the magnet is restrained fromrotating more than an eighth of a revolution (45°) relative to theposition of the magnet absence of the magnetic field. Still further, insome embodiments the magnet is restrained from rotating more than about10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, 35°, or 40° relative to the position of themagnet absence of the magnetic field.

In view of the above, in at least some exemplary embodiments,implantable component is configured such that the plates generallyremain parallel to one another as the magnet apparatus rotates whenexposed to the magnetic field(s) having the strengths detailed herein,at least with respect to some of those magnetic fields. In an exemplaryembodiment, the plates remain parallel to one another over one or moreor all or any of the aforementioned rotational angles detailed herein ofthe magnet apparatus. In an exemplary embodiment, the plates remainparallel to one another over one or more or all or any of theaforementioned separation distances (D1 to D2) and/or changes in theseparation distances (D2−D1) detailed herein.

In at least some exemplary embodiments, the implantable component isconfigured to convert the rotational motion of the magnet apparatus tothe translational movement of the plates detailed herein. In anexemplary embodiment, the implantable component is configured todisperse or otherwise diffuse the energy across a greater area of theresilient material of the body than that which would be the case if therotation of the magnet apparatus was directly resisted by theelastomeric body (e.g., in a scenario where the magnet support structurerotated in a one-to-one relationship with the magnet (with respect to atleast one plane of rotation).) That is, by way of example only and notby way of limitation, a comparison between the teachings detailed hereincan be made to a scenario where the plates 170 and 172 are rigidlyattached to the magnet apparatus/magnet such that any rotation of themagnet also corresponds to an equal rotation of the plates, at leastwith respect to at least one of plane of rotation. In this regard, inexemplary embodiments, instead of transferring the torque imparted ontothe plates by way of the rotation of the magnet (which causes rotationof the plates by an amount that is limited by the resistance to therotation of the plates by the body), as would be the case in theaforementioned control scenario, the torque is converted into a linearmovement of the plates away from one another, where the energy of thetorque is dissipated into the elastomeric body via the stretching of theelastomeric body in a linear direction.

In an exemplary embodiment, the teachings detailed herein and/orvariations thereof avoid localized loading, or at least reduce thelocalized, which can occur with a structure having the same outerdimensions as the plates (albeit when rigidly connected to the magnetapparatus/magnet, at least such that any rotation of the magnet resultsin rotation of the plates at least in one plane of rotation)—the controlstructure. In this regard, in this exemplary control scenario where theplates are rigidly linked to the magnet apparatus, the energy/forceresisting rotation of the magnet apparatus (and thus the plates) isconcentrated at the edges of the plates. (The adjacent parts of theelastomeric body remained relatively unloaded relative to the portionsof the elastomeric body near the upper/lower edges of the plates.)Conversely, because in at least some exemplary embodiments, the platesdo not rotate, or at least rotate less than they would in theaforementioned scenario where the plates are rigidly attached to themagnet apparatus, the energy/force resisting movement of the plates isdiffused over a larger area of the plates (or at least anyconcentrations of energy are located further away from the edges of theplates or otherwise located over a greater area). (The adjacent parts ofthe elastomeric body relative to the portions of the elastomeric bodynear the upper/lower edges of the plates are more loaded as compared tothe aforementioned example.)

FIG. 31 presents an exemplary tool usable in an exemplary embodiment toremove and/or install exemplary magnet apparatuses in an exemplaryembodiment. FIG. 31 depicts a tool 3100, which includes a handle 3110,and a hook 3120 extending therefrom. In an exemplary embodiment, thehook 3120 is sized and dimensioned to fit between the slit noted aboveand extend therethrough through the path to reach the magnet apparatuslocated between the aforementioned plates/to push the magnet down thepath to the location between the aforementioned plates. Corollary tothis is that FIG. 32 depicts an exemplary magnet apparatus 16032,including a handle 3211 sized and dimensioned to receive the hook of thetool 3100, as is depicted by way of example only and not by way oflimitation in FIG. 33. In at least some embodiments, as noted above, thetool 3100 can be used to push the magnet 16032 through the path to thelocation between the plates. FIG. 34 depicts an alternate embodiment ofa magnet apparatus 16034, where the magnet apparatus includes arectangular plate magnet instead of a circular magnet simply in theinterests of conveying the fact that a wide arrangement of magnets andmagnet apparatuses can be utilized in at least some embodiments. As canbe seen, the apparatus 16034 includes a looped path 3411 in the magnetthat is sized and dimensioned to receive the hook of the tool 3100.While the openings of the looped path 3411, and the looped path ingeneral, is depicted lying in the plane of FIG. 34, in an alternateembodiment, the path can extend through the plane of FIG. 34 (e.g., intothe page). Any arrangement of a handle device that can enable theteachings detailed herein and or variations thereof to be practice canbe utilized at least some exemplary embodiments.

FIG. 35 presents an exemplary scenario of utilizing the tool 3100 toposition and/or remove the magnet 160. As can be seen, the hook 3120extends through the path leading from the slit to the magnet 160. Alsoas can be seen, the elastomeric material of the body 198 can be seen tobe deformed at the location proximate the upper plate 170 by the hook3120, thus giving an example of how the elastomeric material of the bodycan accommodate the insertion and/or removal process of the magnet.

It is noted that any method detailed herein also corresponds to adisclosure of a device and/or system configured to execute one or moreor all of the method actions detailed herein. It is further noted thatany disclosure of a device and/or system detailed herein corresponds toa method of making and/or using that the device and/or system, includinga method of using that device according to the functionality detailedherein.

It is further noted that any disclosure of a device and/or systemdetailed herein also corresponds to a disclosure of otherwise providingthat device and/or system.

It is noted that in at least some exemplary embodiments, any featuredisclosed herein can be utilized in combination with any other featuredisclosed herein unless otherwise specified. Accordingly, exemplaryembodiments include a medical device including one or more or all of theteachings detailed herein, in any combination.

Note that exemplary embodiments include components detailed herein andin the figures that are rotationally symmetric about an axis thereof(e.g., the magnet apparatus 160, the plates, etc.). Accordingly, anydisclosure herein corresponds to a disclosure in an alternate embodimentof a rotationally symmetric component about an axis thereof. Moreover,the exemplary embodiments include components detailed in the figuresthat have cross-sections that are constant in and out of the plane ofthe figure. Thus, the magnet apparatus 160 can correspond to a bar orbox magnet apparatus, etc.).

While various embodiments of the present invention have been describedabove, it should be understood that they have been presented by way ofexample only, and not limitation. It will be apparent to persons skilledin the relevant art that various changes in form and detail can be madetherein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. An implantable medical device, comprising: amagnet; and a body encompassing the magnet, wherein the implantablemedical device includes structural components in the body configured tomove away from one another upon initial rotation of the magnet relativeto the body when the magnet is subjected to an externally generatedmagnetic field that imparts a torque onto the magnet, thereby limitingrotation of the magnet beyond the initial rotation.
 2. The implantablemedical device of claim 1, wherein: the implantable medical device isconfigured to resist movement of the structural components away from oneanother.
 3. The implantable medical device of claim 1, wherein: movementaway of the structural components from one another tensions anelastomeric material of the body, thereby limiting further movement ofthe structural components away from one another, which in turn limitsfurther rotation of the magnet beyond any initial rotation.
 4. Theimplantable medical device of claim 1, wherein: the structuralcomponents include surfaces facing one another in between which themagnet is located; and the rotation of the magnet applies a force in afirst direction against a first surface of one of the structuralcomponents and a force in a second direction against a second surface ofone other of the structural components, thereby exerting forces on thecomponents pushing the components away from one another, which exertedforces are at least partially resisted by the body, thereby limitingrotation of the magnet.
 5. The implantable medical device of claim 1,wherein: the magnet is part of a magnet apparatus; and the implantablemedical device is configured such that the magnet apparatus is slidableagainst the structural components, thereby enabling rotation relative tothe structural components when the magnet is subjected to the externallygenerated magnetic field, relative to that which would exist with aconfiguration where the magnet apparatus was not slidable against thestructural components.
 6. The implantable medical device of claim 1,wherein: the structural components comprise plates that sandwich themagnet, wherein torque applied to the magnet that imparts the rotationof the magnet imparts a camming action on the plates, thereby drivingthe plates away from one another, which camming action iscounterbalanced when the plates have reached an equilibrium conditiondue to resistance to movement of the plates by the body.
 7. Theimplantable medical device of claim 1, wherein: the body includes atleast one of an embryonic slit or indicia to a surgeon regarding acutting area of the body, wherein a path proximate the at least one ofthe embryonic slit or the indicia leads to a location in the body wherethe magnet is located.
 8. An implantable medical device, comprising: amagnet apparatus; and a body encompassing the magnet apparatus, whereinthe implantable medical device resists rotation of the magnet apparatusrelative to the body in at least one plane when subjected to anexternally generated magnetic field that imparts a torque onto themagnet apparatus due to a component relative to which the magnetapparatus is slidable, wherein the component is located within the body.9. The implantable medical device of claim 8, further comprising: afirst structural component and a second structural component, the firstand second structural components collectively sandwiching the magnetapparatus, wherein the structural components resist rotation of themagnet apparatus in at least one plane within the body.
 10. Theimplantable medical device of claim 9, wherein: the magnet apparatus hasa width and height, wherein the height is less than the width; the firstplate is located on a top side of the magnet apparatus, and the secondplate is located on a bottom side of the magnet apparatus opposite thetop side, wherein the plates extend in a direction normal to a directionof the height.
 11. The implantable medical device of claim 10, wherein:the body is made of elastomeric material; and at least some of theelastomeric material of the body resists movement of the first plateaway from the second plate due to rotational torque applied to themagnet apparatus by the externally generated magnetic field, therebyresisting rotation of the magnet apparatus.
 12. The implantable medicaldevice of claim 8, further comprising: a first plate; and a second plateseparate from the first plate, wherein the magnet apparatus isrestrained from rotating beyond an initial amount within the body by thefirst and second plates.
 13. The implantable medical device of claim 8,wherein: the magnet apparatus comprises a magnet located in a container,wherein the magnet is free to revolve relative to the container; thebody is made of elastomeric material; at least some of the elastomericmaterial of the body extends around a majority of a circumference of thecontainer in face to face relationship with the circumference of thecontainer; and the implantable medical device resists rotation of thecontainer relative to the body when the magnet is subjected to theexternally generated magnetic field.
 14. The implantable medical deviceof claim 8, wherein: the body is made of silicone; and at least some ofthe silicone of the silicone body extends around a majority of acircumference of the magnet apparatus in face to face relationship withthe circumference of the magnet apparatus.
 15. An implantable medicaldevice, comprising: a magnet; and a body encompassing the magnet,wherein the body has a slit configured to enable passage of the magnettherethrough, and at least one of: the slit is pre-existing; or themagnet has a width and height, wherein the height is less than the widthand the slit is located away from the magnet on a side of the magnet ina direction of the width.
 16. The implantable medical device of claim15, wherein: the magnet has the width and the height, wherein the heightis less than the width; and the slit is located away from the magnet onthe side of the magnet in the direction of the width.
 17. Theimplantable medical device of claim 15, wherein: the slit includes twoopposite surfaces, wherein the two opposite surfaces are level in aplane extending normal to a thickness direction of the magnet; and thetwo opposite surfaces are smooth, and wherein the two opposite surfacesare in close proximity to one another.
 18. The implantable medicaldevice of claim 15, wherein: outer dimensions of the body have a length,a width, and a height, wherein the height is measured through themagnet, wherein the height is a smallest dimension, and wherein the slitis located between points on two surfaces establishing a heightdimension.
 19. The implantable medical device of claim 15, furtherincluding: a ramp structure embedded in the body, wherein the body is asilicone body, and the ramp structure is configured to guide the magnet,during removal thereof from the body, towards the slit.
 20. Theimplantable medical device of claim 15, wherein: the medical deviceincludes an anti-rotation apparatus; and the medical device includes afirst surface and a second surface of the anti-rotation apparatus,wherein the magnet is located between the first surface and the secondsurface, and wherein a path exists from ends of the surfaces to the slitthrough which the magnet can travel to reach the slit.
 21. Theimplantable medical device of claim 15, further including: a rampstructure distinct from the body and embedded in the body, wherein theramp structure is configured to guide the magnet, during removal thereoffrom the body, towards the slit.
 22. The implantable medical device ofclaim 15, wherein the slit is pre-existing.